武夷山自然保护区生态旅游系统能值分析

能值理论与分析方法已经被广泛应用于对人类社会和自然界研究的各个层面.将武夷山国家自然保护区视为生态旅游系统,运用能值理论及其分析方法对其进行讨论和研究.由于传统的能值方法未能完全反映生态旅游系统的一切价值,研究中将条件价值法(CVM)与能值分析相结合,试图能够完整的体现出生态旅游系统的全部价值.在此认识的基础上提出了理想能值交换率等概念.并且将对该系统的研究结果与类似系统进行了横向比较.研究结果表明:(1)武夷山自然保护区生态旅游系统能值密度为7.31×1011sej/m2,低于福建省的16.02×1011sej/m2;而人均能值量为2.80×1016sej/m2,高于福建省人均能值5.75×1015sej/m2;净能值产出率为3.60,略高于广西恭城月柿生态农业旅游经济系统的2.79;武夷山自然保护区生态旅游系统理想能值交换率为0.70.(2)武夷山自然保护区自然环境条件良好,发展潜力较大;社区经济欠发达,居民生活水平较低;系统生产效率低,与外界贸易失衡,生态旅游处于探索阶段.

An emergy analysis on the ecotourism system of Wuyishan Natural Reserve

Emergy theory and analysis method have been applied in the ecological science and other relative fields. In this paper, Wuyishan national natural reserve in Fujiang province of China is taken as a system, emergy analysis has been used to study its ecotourism situation. The entire value of an ecotourism system can not be completely presented by the traditional method of emergy analysis, therefore, CVM is introduced in order to compensate this, so that a complete value of the system can be presented. In this way, some of new concepts of emergy are proposed such as ideal exchange emergy ratio. The results of this study have been compared with other similar study. This study indicates that: (1) the emergy density of the ecotourism system of Wuyishan natural reserve is 7.31×10~(11) sej/m~2, lower than the average of that of Fujian Province(16.62×10~(11) sej/m~2), meanwhile the emergy of per person is 2.80×10~(16) sej, higher than that of Fujian Province(5.75×10~(15) sej); the net output of emergy is 3.60,a bit higher than that of the tourist economic system of Yueshi ecological agricultural system in Gongcheng, Guangxi Province(2.79);the ideal exchange ratio of emergy of the ecotourism system of Wuyishan natural reserve is 0.70. (2) The physical environment of Wuyishan national natural reserve has great potential for development; the economy of local community is in the state of underdevelopment, and people′s income is low; the efficiency of productivity of the system is also at low level, with an unbalanced trade with outside; finally, the ecotourism development is just in the state of initiative stage.