中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化

2006年7-8月、12月-2007年2月、2007年4-5月、2007年10-12月,对中国近海进行了4个航次生物、化学和水文等专业综合调查.根据采集的浮游动物样品分析鉴定结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落结构、种类组成及优势种的季节变化进行研究.结果表明,中国近海浮游动物有1330种,隶属于7门19大类群,浮游幼体47类,其中,节肢动物为最优势类群,有782种,占58.80％,其次为刺胞动物,有324种,占24.36％.在浮游动物群落结构中,4个海区均以桡足类和水母类的种类和数量占绝对优势.中国近海4个海区浮游动物种类数有明显季节变化,渤海和黄海,浮游动物种类数夏、秋季多于春、冬季;东海和南海,浮游动物种类数春、夏季多于秋、冬季.中国近海浮游动物群落大体可划分为6个主要生态类群:近岸低盐类群、低温高盐类群、高温高盐类群、低温广盐类群、高温广盐类群和广温广盐类群.结合同步调查的其它生物、水文、化学环境参数的分析结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落种类丰度与环境因子进行生物与环境变量关系分析,结果表明,浮游动物群落结构与水温、盐度、水深、溶解氧、硝酸盐和pH存在明显相关关系.水温和盐度是影响浮游动物群落结构最重要的两个环境因子.

The seasonal variation and community structure of zooplankton in China sea

The seasonal variations of zooplankton community structure and species composition were studied based on the samples collected from four research cruises in China seas from July 2006 to December 2007. The results showed that a total of 1330 species of zooplankton belonging to 19 groups in 7 phyla, together with 47 types of pelagic larvae were identified in the China seas. The 7 phyla included Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chaetognatha and Urochordata. The most dominant group of zooplankton is Arthropoda, including 782 species and accounting for 58.80%. Cnidaria ranks second with a total of 324 species, accounting for 24.36% of total species. Copepods and Medusae were the most dominant groups in numbers of species and abundance in the community structure of zooplankton in China seas. There was considerable seasonal variation in the community structure of zooplankton in China seas. There were more zooplankton species in summer and autumn than in spring and winter in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, and more zooplankton species in summer and spring than in autumn and winter in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. There were seasonal changes in numbers of pelagic larvae in China seas, with the highest number in autumn, followed by summer, spring and winter. The zooplankton communities in China seas might be divided into 6 ecological groups, which were coastal brackish water group, hypothermal hypersaline group, hyperthermal hypersaline group, hypothermal euryhaline group, hyperthermal euryhaline group and eurythermal euryhaline group, respectively. The correlation between community structure of zooplankton and main environmental factors were analyzed. Statistic analysis showed that there were significant correlations between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, water depth, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and pH. The most important environmental factors that influenced the changes of zooplankton community structure in China seas were water temperature and salinity.