基于生态系统服务的广西水生态足迹分析

针对传统生态足迹对于水域仅考虑渔业生产功能的缺陷,研究者提出了水生态足迹.但当前水生态足迹基础理论与模型均存在较大不足.为此,提出了基于生态系统服务的水生态足迹概念和模型,并以2003-2010年的广西为例进行了计算与分析.结果表明:(1)水域-渔业账户中,淡水渔业生态足迹呈上升趋势,淡水渔业生物承载力较高且比较稳定,淡水渔业生态盈余较多同时淡水渔业生态压力较小;(2)水资源账户中,淡水生态足迹先较快上升随后缓慢下降,水资源承载力较高但2007-2010年波动幅度较大,水资源生态盈余较多同时水资源生态压力较小;(3)水环境账户中,水污染生态足迹先缓慢上升随后大幅下跌之后逐渐回升,水环境承载力变化趋势与水资源承载力相同,绝大多数年份表现为水环境生态赤字和水环境生态不安全;(4)淡水渔业生态压力＜水资源生态压力＜水环境生态压力,淡水生态系统基本已处于生态不安全状态.模型克服了传统模型的诸多缺陷与不足,是对广西近年来淡水生态系统服务供需及水生态安全状况的较客观全面的反映.

Analysis of water ecological footprint in guangxi based on ecosystem services

As for the shortage that only fishery production function was considered for water area by traditional ecological footprint, the researchers put forward the water ecological footprint. However, at the present, the basic theory and model of water ecological footprint were quite deficient. In order to solve the above problem, the paper proposed the concept and model of water ecological footprint based on ecosystem services and carried out relevant calculation and analysis with the example of Guangxi in 2003-2010. The results showed: (1) In the water-fishery accounts, freshwater fishery ecological footprint was in an upward trend; freshwater fishery biological carrying capacity was comparatively high and stable; freshwater fishery ecological surplus was more while its ecological pressure was less. (2) In the water resources accounts, freshwater ecological footprint rose more quickly at first and then fell slowly. The carrying capacity of water resources was higher but the fluctuation range in 2007-2010 was larger. Water resources ecological surplus was more while their ecological pressure was less. (3) In the water environment accounts, water pollution ecological footprint rose slowly, and then fell greatly and finally picked up gradually. The trend of water environment carrying capacity was consistent with the water resources carrying capacity. The results showed water environment ecological deficit and ecological insecurity in most years. (4) Freshwater fishery ecological pressure