基于基尼系数和锡尔指数的中国水足迹强度时空差异变化格局

水足迹可以衡量人类对水资源的真实占有量,而水足迹强度则表征了人类对水资源的利用效率水平。在计算出1997-2007年中国各地区水足迹的基础上,借助于基尼系数和锡尔指数计算方法,探索分析中国近11a水足迹强度发展的空间格局变化规律。结果表明:中国水足迹强度整体呈下降趋势,水资源利用效率有所提高,但是区域发展不平衡;水足迹强度区域总差异经历了"先增大后缩小"的过程,中东西三大地带空间发展呈先极化后趋同的态势,南北区差异总体有所缩小;对水足迹强度区域内部差异贡献份额南方大于北方、东部大于中西部;促使空间差异格局变化的主要因素为区域发展策略、经济发展水平和市场发育程度等;另外,发现中国水污染足迹强度区域差异极化现象非常严重,说明随经济的发展部分地区水污染问题很严峻。最后针对发现的问题提出了协调我国经济发展与水资源利用的相应建议。

The spatial-temporal disparities of water footprints intensity based on Gini coefficient and Theil index in China

Water footprint can measure the real water resources consumption of the human being, and its intensity reflects the water utilization efficiency. Based on the calculated water footprint in different regions of China from 1997 to 2007, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution variations in the past 11 years using Gini coefficient and Theil index. The results show that water footprint intensity has declined on the whole in China which means the water utilization efficiency has improved, in spite of regional imbalance, the general regional difference of water footprint intensity has experienced a course of successive increase first and decrease next. The spatial development tends to polarize from 1997 to 2002 and be similar in the next few years, and the difference between the south and north reduced. The south concerning the share of contribution to water footprint intensity in regional differences is larger than that of the north, and the east share is lager than that of the west. The main factors causing the spatial distribution variations are the regional development strategy, the level of economic development and the degree of market development. In addition, it has been found that polarization in regional differences of water pollution footprint intensity is very serious in China, which reveals the fact that, with the economic development, the water pollution problems in some areas are very serious. At last, some corresponding suggestions responding to identified problems were put forward in order to coordinate the relations between economy development and water resources utilization in China.