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广东鹤山丘陵人工林林下鸟群落研究
引用本文:邹发生,杨琼芳.广东鹤山丘陵人工林林下鸟群落研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3323-3328.
作者姓名:邹发生  杨琼芳
作者单位:华南濒危动物研究所,广州,510260
基金项目:广东省自然科学基金资助项目(020319),中国科学院鹤山开放站基金联合资助项目~~
摘    要:2003年5月到2004年4月,在鹤山人工林中张网6353网小时,捕到林下鸟28种110只,平均网捕率为1.73只/100网h。其中冬候鸟的种类和数量分别占整个网捕鸟种类和数量的42.86%和33.64%。优势种是大山雀(P arusm ajor)、白头鹎(Py cnonotus sinensis)和红胁蓝尾鸲(T arsig er cyanurus)。鹤山20a林龄的人工林林下鸟群落具有:种类和数量贫乏、网捕率低、画眉科的鸟少等特点。林下鸟群落的种类、数量、组成和网捕率与植被有关,相思林种类最丰富、网捕率最高;针叶林种类最少、网捕率最低;4种植被类型中林下鸟种类和网捕率大小排序是:相思林>荷木林>桉树林>针叶林。相思林与荷木林有最大的种的相似性(0.43)、而相思林与针叶林种的相似性最小(0.20)。林下鸟丰度和网捕率均存在季节变化,冬季种类最丰富、春季次之、而夏季和秋季种类最少。在针叶林(F3,44=4.514,p<0.01)和荷木林中(F3,44=4.449,p<0.01),林下鸟的网捕率有极显著的季节变化,冬季的网捕率最高、夏季的网捕率最低;而在相思林(F3,44=1.893,p>0.05)和桉树林中(F3,44=1.212,p>0.05),林下鸟的网捕率季节差异不显著。

关 键 词:鹤山  人工林  林下鸟  季节变化
文章编号:1000-0933(2005)12-3323-06
收稿时间:01 10 2004 12:00AM
修稿时间:09 10 2004 12:00AM

A Study of understory bird communities in an artificial forest in Heshan,Guangdong,China
ZOU Fasheng and YANG Qiongfang.A Study of understory bird communities in an artificial forest in Heshan,Guangdong,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(12):3323-3328.
Authors:ZOU Fasheng and YANG Qiongfang
Institution:South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Guangzhou 510260, China
Abstract:Understory birds were sampled by mist-net in a 20-year-old artificial forest consisting of Acacia,Pinus,Schima and Eucalyptus in Heshan hill,Guangdong,from May 2003 to April 2004.A total of 110 individuals of 28 species representing 11 families and 6 orders were captured during 6353 net hours.Passeriformes constituted the largest component of the bird community,accounting for 71.4% of total species and 85.6% of total captures respectively.Though resident birds were more common than winter visitors,migrants were frequent,accounting for 42.9% of total species and 33.6% of total captures.Great Tit(Parus major),Chinese Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis) and Red-flanked Robin(Tarsiger cyanurus) were the dominant species in the understory.The total mean capture rate of understory birds was 1.7 individuals/100 net-hours.The composition of understory birds was related to vegetation type,with the greatest similarity in birds occurring between stands of Acacia and Schima(Jaccard similarity index equals 0.43);the least similarity occurred between Acacia and Pinus(Jaccard similarity index equals 0.20).Bird species richness varied with vegetation type.Acacia featured the largest plant diversity and Pinus the least.Bird species richness in vegetation was distributed as follows:Acacia (18),Pinus(6),Schima(15),and Eucalyptus(13).The mean capture rate of understory birds varied with vegetations type as well(F_(3,188)=4.618,p<0.01),with the highest rate(2.62 individuals/100 net-hours) in Acacia and the lowest rate(0.66 individuals/100 net-hours) in Pinus.The difference in mean capture rate between Pinus and Acacia(p<0.01) or Schima(p<0.05) was significant.But,the mean capture rates between Eucalyptus and Acacia or Schima or Pinus,or between Acacia and Schima were not significant Species richness varied with season.The greatest richness occurred in winter(20),followed by spring(13),autumn(9),and summer(7).The mean capture rate of understory birds also varied with season(F_(3,188)=8.71,p<0.01),with the highest rate in winter(3.31 individuals/100 net-hours) and the lowest in summer(1.02 individuals/100 net hours).Capture rate in winter was significantly different from spring,summer,or autumn.But,mean capture rate did not differ significantly among spring,summer, and autumn.In summary,even though this artificial forest is 20-years old,the richness of its understory bird species is poor.For example,it had very few members of the Timaliinae,which is normally well represented in forests of South China.The richness,composition,and capture rate of understory birds in the artificial forest were related to vegetation type.Acacia had the highest avian diversity and capture rate compared to other plantation groves.In terms of encouraging bird communities,Acacia spp.might be the most suitable tree to plant in South China.
Keywords:Heshan  artificial forest  understory birds  season changes
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