黄土区大型露天煤矿废弃地植被恢复过程中的植被动态

生境再造与植被恢复是黄土区露天矿生态重建的核心 ,其中植被恢复是生态重建的保证。以我国平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例 ,采用野外调查、统计分析相结合的方法 ,对 1 985～ 2 0 0 1年矿区植被恢复过程中的植被动态进行研究。结果表明 :该区的人工植被经过演变 ,植物种的组成发生较大变化 ,由单一的物种组成结构逐渐发展为复杂的物种组成结构 ,并逐渐趋于动态的平衡。通过研究同一植物在不同配置模式下的生长情况 ,以及它们之间的相互影响 ,得出该区人工植被的较好模式为 :刺槐×油松×柠条、刺槐×油松、刺槐×沙棘和刺槐纯林。首次运用多样性指数、生态优势度、均匀度 ,对该区主要复垦植被群落进行分析 ,进一步预测了人工植被的演替方向 :刺槐林→刺槐林、沙棘林→沙棘林、沙棘×刺槐→刺槐、刺槐×油松→刺槐×油松和刺槐×油松×柠条→刺槐×油松×柠条。

Vegetation dynamics during plant rehabilition in degraded mined land of large opencast coal mine within loess area

Habitat reconstruction and revegetation are the cores of ecology reconstruction in Opencast Coal Mine within Loess Areas and revegetation is guarantee. Artificial vegetation from 1985 to 2001 in Antaibao Coal Mine Land was studied with field investigation and statistical analysis. The results show that the components of artificial vegetation in this area changed greatly, that is from simple to complex, then reaching dynamic equilibrium. By comparing growths circumstances of the same vegetation in different deployed models and influences each other, some successful models of artificial vegetation were found: Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis and Caragana korshinskii, Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Hippophae rhamnoides,single Robinia pseudoacaci. Shannon-Wiener,Simpson and PW were used to analysis artifical vegetation in Degraded Mined Land, and the succession directions of artificial vegetation were suggested: Robinia pseudoacacia to Robinia pseudoacacia, Hippophae rhamnoides to Hippophae rhamnoides,Hippophae rhamnoides and Robinia pseudoacacia to Robinia pseudoacacia,Rrobinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis to Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis, Rrobinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis and Caragana korshinskii to Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis and Caragana korshinskii.