黄土区农业景观空间格局分析

景观空间格局分析是景观生态学研究的核心问题之一。本文用地理信息系统，分维分析和统计分析相结合，以１∶１万土地利用现状图为基础，选取斑块大小、分维数、斑块伸长指数、多样性、优势度、相对丰富度、破碎度等指标，陕北米脂县泉家沟流域农业景观的空间格局。结果显示，乔木林地、坡耕地、果园、草地和梯田农地的分维数较低，坝地、水库、灌溉农田、居信用地和灌木林地的人维数较高，斑块形状较为复杂。随着斑块面积的增加，农

THE SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE IN THE LOESS AREA

he agricuitural landscape is a mosaic of natural and human-managed patches that varyin size,shape and arrangement.These spatial patterns in the landscape may influence a vari-ety of ecological phenomena. Therefore,the analysis of landscape spatial patterns is an important component of understanding ecological dynamics. A geographic information system(GIS),fractal analysis,and statistical methods were used to examine the spatial patterns ofagricultural landscape in the loess area of China. 1:10000 land use map of study area was dig-itized for analysis,ten land use categories were included:irrigated farmland,check-dam farm-land,terrace farmland,slope farmland,orchard,grassland,bush,forest,reservoir and residen-tial land.The size of patches,fractal dimension of patches,patch elongation index,diversity,dominance,relative richness and fragmentation index of landscapes of gully and between gul-ly were calculated by models and GIS.Along with the increase of patch area,the shapes offarmland and forest patches have a change tendency from simple to complex,the shapes ofgrassland vary at random. Finally,a suggestion to plant buffer on the zones between hilI topand hill slope and hill slope to gully slope was put forward so as to control soil erosion andimprove landscape connectivity.