首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
   检索      

北京城市绿地调蓄雨水径流功能及其价值评估
引用本文:张彪,谢高地,薛康,王金增,肖玉,张灿强.北京城市绿地调蓄雨水径流功能及其价值评估[J].生态学报,2011,31(13):3839-3845.
作者姓名:张彪  谢高地  薛康  王金增  肖玉  张灿强
作者单位:1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101
2. 北京林业勘察设计院,北京,100029
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421106)
摘    要:随着城市化进程的加快,城区不透水面积急剧增加,改变了城市自然水循环。充分认识与发挥城市绿地调蓄雨水径流的积极作用,对于城市生态环境的改善和绿地资源的建设管理具有重要意义。本文以2009年北京城市园林绿地调查数据为基础,采用径流系数法和影子价格法评估了绿地调蓄雨水径流的功能及其价值。结果表明:2009年北京城市绿地生态系统调蓄雨水径流1.54亿m3,单位面积绿地调蓄雨水径流2494 m3/hm2;绿地年调蓄雨水径流价值13.44亿元,约合2.18万元/hm2;不同区县绿地调蓄雨水功能主要受其面积影响,朝阳区绿地调蓄雨水径流及其价值量最高,其次为海淀区、顺义区、丰台区区和通州区绿地,而密云县、怀柔区和门头沟区绿地调蓄雨水径流能力及其价值较低。本研究对于认识北京城市绿地的功能与价值、促进城市绿地的科学管理和建设维护具有一定的指导意义。

关 键 词:城市绿地  径流调蓄  价值评估  北京市
收稿时间:2010/12/21 0:00:00
修稿时间:2011/3/24 0:00:00

Evaluation of rainwater runoff storage by urban green spaces in Beijing
ZHANG Biao,XIE Gaodi,XUE Kang,WANG Jinzeng,XIAO Yu and ZHANG Canqiang.Evaluation of rainwater runoff storage by urban green spaces in Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(13):3839-3845.
Authors:ZHANG Biao  XIE Gaodi  XUE Kang  WANG Jinzeng  XIAO Yu and ZHANG Canqiang
Institution:Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Forestry,Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Forestry,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science
Abstract:As the world population increases, more and more people will live and work in cities. Urbanization involves replacement of vegetated surfaces by impervious surfaces; often causing an increase in the rate and volume of surface runoff of rainwater. Climate change may further increase these fluctuations and the flood risk. Beijing experiences rapid urbanization and the rapid urban extension alter natural hydrological processes. Urban green spaces have positive effects on infiltration and storage of water in the soil, resulting in run-off reduction, nutrient and pollutant removal, and improved groundwater quality. Therefore, urban green spaces in Beijing can play an important role in the water cycle, for the improvement of urban ecology and management. Although some studies found that the green areas in Beijing had positive impact on reduction of storm water runoff, only a few studies could reveal the economic or ecological benefits of rainwater storage by urban green spaces. To evaluate the benefits of rainwater storage by urban green spaces and to provide a reference point for the public and government organizations, we grouped rainwater storage into two ecosystem benefits: rainwater runoff reduction and rainwater purification. Based on inventory data of urban green spaces in Beijing (2009), the amount of rainfall runoff reduction was calculated by the rainwater runoff coefficient of different green types, the benefits of rainwater storage by green space were evaluated by the shadow price method of the unit cost for reservoir and price of reclaimed water. The results showed that, a total volume of 1.54 × 108 m3 rainwater was conserved in these urban green spaces, which almost corresponds to the annual water needs of urban ecological landscape in Beijing, and 2494 m3 of potential runoff was stored per hectare of green area. The total economic benefit was 1.34 billion Yuan, which equals three quarters of the maintenance cost of green spaces in Beijing, and the monetary value of runoff storage was 21.77 thousand Yuan per hectare. We also found that the benefits could be ranked by district or county in the same way as urban green areas, but the average benefits per hectare green spaces showed variable trends, which may be related to the varying ISI (Impervious Surface Index) with regions. To reduce the high runoff during rainfall and increase rainwater harvesting as an alternative water supply one constructs drainage facilities. This implies a greater financial burden and less water resources. Beijing could benefit from improved rainwater drainage through soft ground since the alternative of building and maintaining a storm water drainage system involves a high cost. Therefore, our research will contribute to realize the role that Beijing's green spaces are playing in the regulation of rainwater, and to the construction and scientific management of urban green spaces. As our study has demonstrated, there are several lessons for policy, practice and research in order to develop new urban green spaces, enhancing the management effectiveness of existing green spaces, financial innovations to generate resources for sustainable management of green spaces, and local monitoring and local enforcement for effective governance of urban green spaces.
Keywords:urban green spaces  runoff storage  evaluation  Beijing
本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《生态学报》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《生态学报》下载免费的PDF全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号