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青藏铁路、公路对野生动物活动的影响
引用本文:殷宝法,淮虎银,张镱锂,周乐,魏万红.青藏铁路、公路对野生动物活动的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):3917-3923.
作者姓名:殷宝法  淮虎银  张镱锂  周乐  魏万红
作者单位:1. 扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,扬州,225009
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101
摘    要:2003年8月和2004年8月,在不冻泉保护站(35°17′N;93°16′E)至五道梁(35°13′N;93°04′E)一带调查青藏公路的运营和青藏铁路的建设对野生动物活动的影响,并分析了野生动物对青藏铁路上所建立的动物通道的利用情况。结果表明,青藏铁路的建设增加了青藏公路的交通运输量,青藏公路在铁路修建期间会对藏羚羊(Pantholops hodgsoni)、藏原羚(Procapra picticaudata)和藏野驴(Equus kiang)的活动产生部分影响。同时,野生动物通过自身的适应和行为调节可以减少环境改变产生的影响,如公路两侧动物的活动高峰正好是公路上车流量较少的时段、动物可以利用野生动物通道来通过青藏铁路等。藏野驴、藏羚羊与藏原羚均可利用通道穿越铁路,而藏羚羊对通道的利用频次和通道到公路的距离显著的正相关(p<0.5),大多数的动物通道因其高度、宽度和到公路的距离以及人类活动等因素的影响而不能被动物利用。总的看来,动物能够通过自己的适应和行为调节,可以适应青藏铁路修建对该地区的环境所带来的变化。

关 键 词:青藏铁路  野生动物通道  交通运输  野生动物
文章编号:1000-0933(2006)12-3917-07
收稿时间:2005-08-11
修稿时间:2005-08-112006-01-05

Influence of Qinghai-Tibetan railway and highway on wild animal's activity
YIN Baof,HUAI Huyin,ZHANG Yili,ZHOU Le and WEI Wanhong.Influence of Qinghai-Tibetan railway and highway on wild animal''s activity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(12):3917-3923.
Authors:YIN Baof  HUAI Huyin  ZHANG Yili  ZHOU Le and WEI Wanhong
Institution:aCollege of Life Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;bInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
Abstract:The effect of traffic and railway construction on the activities of wild animals during the daytime along the Qinghai-Tibetan highway between Budongquan (35°17′ N; 93°16′ E) and Wudaliang (35°13′ N; 93°04′ E) was studied in August 2003 and August 2004. Furthermore, passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway were monitored to determine the relationship between the usage frequency of the passageways and the distance to the Qinghai-Tibetan highway and the dimension of the passageways. The results showed that the traffic during the daytime had some effects on the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni), Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) and Kiang (Equus kiang) when they were crossing the road, and especially it is significant on the Tibetan antelope. At the same time, they could adapt themselves to the changes in the surroundings by learning and by adjusting their behavior. Most of their activities took place in the morning in order to avoid the effects of traffic, and they could also find and use the passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway. The dimensions of the passageways, the distance to the Qinghai-Tibetan highway, the surrounding habitat, and human activities could influence the efficiency of the passageways. Most passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway could not be effectively used by the wildlife because of the short length and low height or because of human activities in the contiguous areas of the passageways. However, the wildlife could adapt themselves to the changes in the surroundings caused by the construction of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway by learning and by adjusting their behavior.
Keywords:Qinghai-Tibetan railway  wildlife passageways  traffic  wild animals
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