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不同海拔茶园害虫、天敌种群及其群落结构差异
引用本文:柯胜兵,党凤花,毕守东,邹运鼎,禹坤,赵学娟,徐劲峰.不同海拔茶园害虫、天敌种群及其群落结构差异[J].生态学报,2011,31(14):4161-4168.
作者姓名:柯胜兵  党凤花  毕守东  邹运鼎  禹坤  赵学娟  徐劲峰
作者单位:1. 安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,安徽合肥,230036
2. 安庆市潜山县植保植检站,安徽潜山,246300
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)
摘    要:为了明确不同海拔茶园之间害虫、天敌种群及其群落结构的差异,为茶园害虫综合防治提供科学依据,采用平行跳跃抽样调查方法分别对海拔698.6m,270m和46m的高、中、低海拔茶园进行调查,并进行方差分析,进而用新复极差法进行多重比较,结果表明,以样方为单位3种海拔中差异极显著的害虫是假眼小绿叶蝉、柑桔粉虱、茶短须螨、茶黄蓟马、琥珀广翅蜡蝉和绿螽蟖;差异极显著的天敌是八点球腹蛛、锥腹肖蛸、日本球服蛛和茶色新圆蛛。数量居于3种海拔第一位的物种:高海拔茶园主要害虫为假眼小绿叶蝉、柑橘粉虱、茶短须螨和绿螽蟖,天敌为锥腹肖蛸蛛和八点球腹蛛;中海拔茶园害虫为茶黄蓟马和红蜡蚧,天敌为粽管巢蛛;低海拔茶园天敌为茶色新园蛛和日本球腹蛛。高海拔的主要害虫还有茶黄蓟马和琥珀广翅蜡蝉,主要天敌还有草间小黑蛛、茶色新圆蛛和日本球腹蛛;中海拔的主要害虫还有假眼小绿叶蝉和茶短须螨,主要天敌还有八点球腹蛛、草间小黑蛛、锥腹肖蛸、拟环纹狼蛛、三突花蟹蛛;低海拔的主要害虫有假眼小绿叶蝉、茶黄蓟马、柑桔粉虱和红蜡蚧,主要天敌还有八点球腹蛛、锥腹肖蛸、草间小黑蛛、粽管巢蛛和异色瓢虫。3种海拔茶园之间节肢动物群落多样性指数、个体数和均匀度差异均极显著,物种数差异不显著,3种海拔茶园之间植食性昆虫亚群落的多样性和物种数差异均不显著,个体数和均匀度差异均极显著。3种海拔茶园之间天敌亚群落的多样性指数、物种数和个体数差异均极显著。总群落多样性指数和群落相对稳定性值均是低海拔茶园最大。

关 键 词:不同海拔  害虫  天敌  差异分析
收稿时间:2010/5/13 0:00:00
修稿时间:2010/9/15 0:00:00

Differences among population quantities and community structures of pests and their natural enemies in tea gardens of different altitudes
KE Shengbing,DANG Fenghu,BI Shoudong,ZOU Yunding,YU Kun,ZHAO Xuejuan and XU Jinfeng.Differences among population quantities and community structures of pests and their natural enemies in tea gardens of different altitudes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(14):4161-4168.
Authors:KE Shengbing  DANG Fenghu  BI Shoudong  ZOU Yunding  YU Kun  ZHAO Xuejuan and XU Jinfeng
Institution:Anhui Agricultural University
Abstract:In order to understand the differences among population quantities and community structure of pests and their natural enemies in tea gardens of different altitudes, and to provide a scientific basis for integrated pest management (IPM) in tea gardens, in the present work, systematical investigations were conducted at three tea gardens of different altitude heights (i.e. 698.6 m (high), 270 m (medium) and 46 m (low)) by using the survey method of parallel jumping sampling. Analysis of variance showed that pests of significant differences among the three tea gardens of different altitude heights were Empoasca vitis (Gothe), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), Brevipalpus theae (Ma et Yuan), Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood), Ricania cacaonic (Chou et Lu) and Holochlora nawae (Matsumura et Shiraki), and their F values were 39.97, 21.09, 8.29, 21.10, 6.24 and 46.27, respectively; whilst enemies of significant differences among the three tea gardens of different altitude heights were Theridion octomaculatum (Boes. et Str.), Tetragnatha maxillosa (Thorell), Enoplognatha japonica (Boes. et Str.), Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer), and their F values were 7.49, 8.00, 18.61 and 17.36, respectively. The statistical analyses further showed that the first main pests were Empoasca vitis (Gothe), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), Brevipalpus theae (Ma et Yuan) and Holochlora nawae (Matsumura et Shiraki) in high-altitude tea garden; and Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) and Ceroplastes rubens (Maskell) in mid-altitude tea garden. Whilst the first natural enemies were Tetragnatha maxillosa (Thorell) and Theridion octomaculatum (Boes. et Str.) in high-altitude tea garden; and Clubiona japonicola (Boes. et Str.) in mid-altitude tea garden; as well as Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer) and Enoplognatha japonica (Boes .et Str.) in low-altitude tea garden. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the main pests also have Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) and Ricania cacaonic (Chou et Lu) in high-altitude tea garden; and Empoasca vitis (Gothe) and Brevipalpus theae (Ma et Yuan) in mid-altitude tea garden; as well as Empoasca vitis (Gothe), Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) and Ceroplastes rubens (Maskell) in low-altitude tea garden. Whilst the main natural enemies also have Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall), Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer) and Enoplognatha japonica (Boes. et Str.) in high-altitude tea garden; and Theridion octomaculatum (Boes. et Str.), Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall), Tetragnatha maxillosa (Thorell), Lycosa pseudoannulata (Boes. et Str.) and Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabr.) in mid-altitude tea garden; as well as Theridion octomaculatum (Boes. et Str.), Tetragnatha maxillosa (Thorell), Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall), Clubiona japonicola (Boes. et Str.) and Lei axyridis (Pallas) in low-altitude tea garden. Specially, the results of F-testing showed that there were highly significant differences in community diversity index (F=17.57), individual numbers (F=5.27) and evenness of arthropod community (F=23.46) among the three tea gardens of different altitudes (all F > F0.01 =4.79). However, no statistically significant differences existed in numbers of species among the three tea gardens of different altitudes (F = 2.32 F0.01 =4.79). Whilst statistically significant differences in community diversity index (F=5.13), species numbers (F=6.76) and individual numbers (F=8.78) of predacious sub-communities also existed in the three tea gardens of different altitudes (all F values > F0.01 =4.79). The above three indexes in low-altitude tea garden was greater than those in high and medium-altitude tea garden. In addition, no statistically significant differences existed in evenness among the three tea gardens of different altitudes (F = 1.06 < F0.05 =3.07). These above results indicated that the total community diversity index and the relative stability values of communities in low-altitude tea garden were greatest in the three tea gardens of different altitudes.
Keywords:different altitudes  pests  natural enemies  variation analysis
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