生态空间区划体系的理论内涵及关键技术研究

生态空间是维护区域可持续发展的重要组成部分，是国土空间规划体系的核心领域。生态空间区划是国土空间管控的重要内容，是解决区域供需矛盾，维护国土安全的重要手段。研究在系统总结现有生态区划理论、技术和方法的基础上，探讨了目前生态区划存在的不足，进一步提出新时代生态空间区划的理论、内涵和国土空间规划背景下生态空间区划技术要点。生态空间区划是以生态空间提供生态系统服务，维系生态安全为基础，从区域尺度以山水林田湖草生命共同体理念综合辨识分类生态空间。评价指标体系应基于生态功能区划和环境功能区划，结合政策目标、居民需求并参考区域城镇化特征及未来发展定位，以生态系统服务、生态敏感性、生态质量、生态健康等多因子评价为主。生态空间区划的目的是对生态空间开展保护、修复、和高质量开发建设，因此生态空间区划阈值的选取要立足于政策目标、居民需求和可持续发展，按照生态系统服务供需耦合机制划定生态空间分区，并及时调整。研究还基于现阶段区域尺度下生态空间区划的难点，从加强生态空间区划体系的应用、加强生态空间基础数据库的构建、加强命名规范等方面进行了工作展望。

Theoretical and technical discussion on the system of ecological space zoning

Ecological space, the core area of land planning, is an important part of maintaining regional sustainable development. Ecological space zoning is a key content of land management. It is also an important means to solve the imbalance between regional supply and demand of ecosystem services and to maintain land security. This paper systematically summarized the existing methods of ecological zoning, discussed the shortcomings of the current ecological zoning, further put forward the theory and connotation of ecological zoning and the technical points of ecological space zoning under the land planning. Ecological space zoning is based on ecological space providing ecosystem services and maintaining ecological security. At the regional scale, it comprehensively identified and classified ecological space with mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands as a life living community. We put forward ecological space zoning based on the ecological function zoning and environmental function zoning, combined with policy goals, the needs of residents, the characteristics of regional urbanization, and future development. Multi-factor evaluation of the ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, ecological quality, and ecological health should be taken into account. The purpose of ecological zoning is to protect, restore, and high-quality develop ecological space. Therefore, the threshold of ecological zoning should be based on the policy goals, the needs of residents, and sustainable development, according to the coupling mechanism of supply and demand of ecosystem services, and be adjusted in time. Based on the difficulties of ecological zoning at the present stage, this paper also put forward the future work of ecological zoning from the aspects of strengthening the application of ecological zoning system, strengthening the construction of ecological space basic database, and strengthening the naming standard.