农田土壤中铜的主要输入途径及其污染风险控制

综述农田土壤中畜禽粪便、杀菌剂、再生水和化肥等途径对铜的输入及其污染风险,以土壤理化性质为切入点概述外源铜进入土壤后的吸附-解吸和移动性特点,探讨不同作物类型和土地利用方式对农产品中铜含量和对通过膳食途径铜健康风险的影响,并针对实际生产提出规避农田土壤铜污染风险的有效措施.

Major input of copper to farmlands and control for its pollution risk

Copper contamination in farmland soil was paid more attention accompanying with worldwide concern on copper health risk, especially incremental correlation between copper level in blood and incidence of cancer. Copper is necessary for plant physiological functions. However, plants are hypersensitive to small quantity of copper, which enough results in disturbance of growth and reduction in yield. Derivation of contamination in farmland soil, which resulted from different agro-technologies, including applications of livestock manure, fungicide, reclaimed water and chemical fertilizer were discussed. Swine manure enriched in copper, which was derived from copper-additive in forage, is main issue in heavy metal contamination of organic manure. Spray of Bordeaux mixture on fruit and vegetable to prevent fungi is another origin of copper contamination in farmland soil. Characteristics of the adsorption-desorption and mobility after copper input to soil was summarized with emphasis on soil physics-chemical property. Effect of crop and land utilization types on copper content in farm products and healthy risk triggered by ingestion of copper-containing foods were discussed. According to agricultural practice and principium of copper input to farmland soil, effective strategies to control copper contamination in farmland soil, for instance, biological medicine is instead of copper additive to swine forage, reduction in application amounts of Bordeaux mixture in orchard, and legumes and short-root crop are not encouraged to cultivate in copper enriched farmland soil and so on, were proposed.