不同农业景观背景下传粉昆虫群落的分布差异

农业景观中的自然、半自然生境等非农生境可为传粉昆虫提供丰富的食物来源、栖息地、繁殖地、避难所等,对维持生物多样性的稳定起着不可替代的作用。以巩义典型的山地-丘陵-河川混杂的复杂景观和民权的平原农业简单景观为研究区,分析不同景观背景下传粉昆虫群落的物种组成及其在不同生境中的分布特征。结果表明:(1)巩义研究区内累计捕获传粉昆虫18582头,民权研究区内累计捕获传粉昆虫18518头,优势传粉昆虫功能群为双翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目和鳞翅目等;(2)景观复杂度更高的巩义研究区的传粉昆虫多样性、丰富度以及均匀度均显著高于民权研究区;存在大面积农田斑块的平原景观中则有更多的优势传粉昆虫个体;(3)农田斑块中具有更高的物种丰富度,但林地物种的多样性和均匀度则相对稍高些。农田斑块在作物花期能有效的提高传粉者种群密度,但林地等自然、半自然生境对于维持传粉者多样性和食物缺乏期种群的稳定具有重要作用。因此在未来为确保农业景观中传粉者的多样性与传粉服务的稳定,一方面要关注自然、半自然生境的作用,同时也要考虑不同景观背景下异质性特征对不同生物类群的影响差异。

Distribution patterns of pollination insect community under different agricultural landscape context

Non-agricultural habitats such as natural and semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscape can provide abundant food sources, habitats, breeding grounds, shelters for pollinators, which play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the stability of biodiversity. In this study, taking the typical mountainous-hilly-river mixed landscape in Gongyi City and simple plain agricultural landscape in Minquan County as the study object, the species composition of pollinator communities and their distribution in different habitats under different context were analyzed. The results showed that (1) a total of 18582 pollinators were captured in Gongyi, and 18518 pollinators were captured in the Minquan research area, of which the main functional groups were Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera. (2) The diversity, richness and evenness of pollinators in the study area of Gongyi with higher landscape complex were significantly higher than those in the study area of Minquan. There were more dominant pollinator individuals in simple plain landscape with large area of farmland patches. (3) The species richness of farmland patches was higher, but the species diversity and evenness of woodland was relatively higher. Farmland patches could effectively increase the population density of pollinators during the flowering period of crops, but natural and semi-natural habitats such as woodland played an important role in maintaining the diversity and population of pollinators during the period of food deficiency. Therefore, in order to ensure the diversity of pollinators and the stability of pollination services in the agricultural landscape in the future, on the one hand attention should be paid to the role of natural and semi-natural habitats, but on the other hand the influence of heterogeneity characteristics on different biological groups under different landscape context should be considered.