基于GIS的三峡库区生态风险评估及生态分区构建

快速城市化与土地利用变化导致的一系列问题不断影响着生态系统健康。开展生态系统服务供给和生态风险的空间量化研究,有助于科学管控区域生态用地,促进生态文明建设。采用GIS技术,利用生态系统服务价值核算模型、生态风险指数模型,研究了2000年以来三峡库区生态系统服务供给值和生态风险指数的时空演化特征,并利用Z-score标准化法进行生态功能分区构建。结果表明：(1)2000—2015年,三峡库区生态系统服务供给值总体变化较小,生态系统服务以调节服务为主且林地供给值最高。高供给值区主要分布于湖北省夷陵区、秭归县和兴山县等植被覆盖度高的区域,低供给值区分布在库区西南部的渝中区、渝北区和沙坪坝区等人口密集区。(2)三峡库区生态风险值总体呈小幅上升趋势,“西高东低”的分布特征明显,生态安全逐步向中等风险类型转移,其中低、较低生态风险区占区域总面积的55%以上,高风险区主要集中在重庆市主城区。(3)研究期间4种生态分区变化程度较小,表明生态分区处于较为稳定的状态。高供给值-高风险区(Ⅰ)的分布连续性最差,低供给值-高风险区(Ⅱ)和高供给值-低风险区(Ⅳ)分布较为集中。对三峡库区生态系统服务供给、生态风...

GIS-based ecological risk assessment and ecological zoning in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

Land use change is an extremely important factor in ecosystem services and ecological health. A series of problems caused by rapid urbanization and land use changes, such as biodiversity sharp decline, environmental pollution and ecological land loss, continue to affect ecosystem health. The spatially quantitative researches of ecosystem service supply and ecological risk are contributed to scientific management of the regional ecological land, and promote the construction of ecological civilization. In this work, geographic information system (GIS) technology, the accounting model of ecosystem service value, and ecological risk index model, were used to study the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem service supply value and ecological risk index in the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGR) from 2000 to 2015. Further, the Z-score standardization method is used to construct the ecological function zoning. The research results of the paper are as follows:(1) for 2000-2015 period, the whole change of ecosystem service supply value in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was insignificant. In addition, the ecosystem service mainly played role as regulation service, especially forest land. The ecosystem service supply value in the Three Gorges Reservoir area are highly heterogeneous. High-value supply regions mainly distributed in Yiling District, Zigui County and Xingshan County with high vegetation coverage. Low-value supply regions mainly distributed in Yuzhong District, Yubei District and Shapingba District with high population density. (2) The ecological risk value of the Three Gorges Reservoir area showed a slight upward trend, with a distribution characteristics of "high in the west and low in the east". Ecological safety of the Three Gorges reservoir is gradually transferred to medium risk types. The small and smaller ecological risk areas accounted for more than 55% of the total area. High-risk zone is mainly concentrated in the main city of Chongqing Yuzhong District, Yubei District, Shapingba District and Nanan District, etc. (3) During the study period, the four ecological zones changed little, indicating that the ecological zones kept a relatively stable balance. The distribution continuity of high-supply and high-risk areas (I) is the worst, while the distributions of low-supply and high-risk areas (II) and high-supply and low-risk areas (IV) are more clustered. Based on the study on ecosystem service supply, ecological risks and ecological zoning of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, it contributes greatly to boost the intensive and economical utilization, protects ecological land, and balances economic construction and environmental protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.