国家重点功能区转移支付对生态系统格局变化的县域对比分析

国家财政部于2009年印发了《国家重点生态功能区转移支付(试点)办法》,中央财政开始以转移支付的方式对国家重点生态功能区进行生态补偿，截止到2020年国家已累计下达转移支付资金6035.5亿元。评估国家重点功能区财政转移支付的生态保护成效对国家生态环境保护与修复决策具有重要意义，以国家重点生态功能区转移支付县域为调查和评估对象，基于多期遥感解译的土地利用/土地覆被数据，对正式实施财政转移支付政策以来国家重点生态功能区生态系统格局及其变化进行了评估，并对是否接受财政转移支付县域生态系统格局变化进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：国家重点生态功能区生态质量状况整体好转，2011—2019年土地覆被转类指数为3.85%,生态质量整体上好转主要与水域增加有关。享受国家财政转移支付政策后各县域生态质量改善明显，从2011—2016年的空间横向比较来看，享受财政转移支付县域土地覆被转类指数为2.28%,未享受县域为-3.36%;从2011—2019年的时间纵向比较来看，享受财政转移支付前土地覆被转类指数为-3.35%,而享受后为1.70%。然而，国家重点生态功能区人为活动干扰仍然较为强烈，研究时段内城乡...

Analysis on ecosystem pattern changes in the national key ecological function area and comparative of counties that have received financial transfer payment or not

In 2009, the Ministry of Finance of the People''s Republic of China issued the "National Key Ecological Function Area Financial Transfer Payment (Pilot) Method". Thereafter, the government began to make ecological compensation for the key national ecological function area with transfer payment. By 2020, the government had allocated 603.55 billion yuan for transfer payment. It is great significance to evaluate the ecology protection effect of financial transfer payment in the national key ecological function area. The previous studies on ecological system pattern have been carried out almost at national scale or regional scale. But the research on ecosystem pattern change in the national key functional areas since the transfer payment is lack. Therefore, this paper took the counties that got transfer payment in the national key ecological function area in 2019 as the evaluation objects. Multiple phases of the remote sensing of land use/land cover data were used to evaluate the performance of the financial transfer payment policy on ecosystem pattern and change in the national key ecological function area. Two evaluation aspects were ecosystem composition and its change, and ecosystem structure change and type conversion. Six evaluation indexes were area of ecosystem, composition of ecosystem, area change rate of ecosystem types, change direction of ecosystem types, comprehensive dynamic attitude of ecosystem, and land cover conversion index. The results showed that the ecological quality of the national key ecological functional area improved overall, and the land cover conversion index was 3.85% from 2011 to 2019. The improvement of ecological quality was mainly related to the increase of water area. After received the fund of national financial transfer payment, the ecological quality of all selected counties improved significantly. In 2011-2016, the method of spatial horizontal comparison was adopted. The results showed that the land cover conversion index of the counties that received the fund of financial transfer payment was 2.28%, while that of the other counties was-3.36%. In addition, the method of longitudinal comparison was adopted in 2011-2019. The results showed that the land cover conversion index was-3.35% before the counties received the fund of financial transfer payment, and increased to 1.70% after they received the fund of financial transfer payment. However, the interference of human activities in the national key ecological function area is still quite strong. During 2011-2019, the land area for urban and rural, industry, mining and residents increased by 14.2%, while the ecological space area such as forest and grass decreased. The ecological protection target of the national key ecological function area has not been effectively implemented. Therefore, the effective implementation of various national regulations on land space management, the effective resolution of the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development, and the scientific decision-making on ecological protection and restoration are urgent problems for the ecological protection in key functional area and counties.