土壤不同水分条件对长春花(Catharanthus roseus)生活史型的影响

为了研究土壤中不同水分条件对长春花生活史型形成及生理代谢的影响,设置对照、轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱等土壤水分梯度,对长春花(Catharanthus roseus(L.)G.Don)幼苗进行处理。对长春花形态指标进行聚类分析发现选择的20个聚类实体被分为2组,第1组为对照(CK)和轻度干旱(LD)处理的植株,第2组为中度干旱(MD)和重度干旱(HD)处理的植株。运用主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)方法对不同土壤水分条件下长春花营养生长(Vegetative growth,V)、有性生殖(Sexual reproduction,S)和无性繁殖(Clone reproduction,C)等3类15种性状进行统计。结果显示,长春花在对照条件下生活史型为V0.39S0.54C0.07,轻度干旱为V0.36S0.50C0.14,中度干旱为V0.53S0.27C0.20,重度干旱为V0.45S0.09C0.46,干旱程度加强显著提高了无性繁殖的比重,降低了有性生殖的比例。同时,对长春花中文朵灵、长春质碱和脱水长春碱等生物碱的含量进行了动态测定,发现重度干旱下的文朵灵、长春质碱和脱水长春碱的含量在16d时分别是对照水平的1.5倍、2.3倍和3.1倍,表明干旱胁迫诱导生物碱积累,为长春花高效栽培提供了理论依据。

Effects of different water conditions on life cycle forms and physiological metabolisms of Catharanthus roseus

In order to investigate the impacts of different water contents in soil on life cycle forms and physiological metabolisms of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, four levels of water supply, including control (CK), light drought (LD), moderate drought (MD) and heavy drought (HD), were set up in the present paper. The cluster analysis was conducted to C. roseus seedlings upon water treatment according to their morphological characteristics. The results showed that 20 seedlings involved were dissected into two groups and the treatments of MD and HD led to significant morphological changes from that of CK and LD. Analysis of principal component analysis (PCA) on 15 kinds of phenotypic characteristics, separately being related to vegetative growth (V), sexual (S) and clone (C) reproduction, was conducted. The results showed that the life cycle forms under the conditions of CK, LD, MD and HD were V0.39S0.54C0.07, V0.36S0.50C0.14, V0.53S0.27C0.20 and V0.45S0.09C0.46. It suggested that MD and HD resulted in enhanced percentage of clone reproduction and decreased sexual reproduction. Alkaloid contents in C. roseus, including vindoline, catharanthine and anhydrovinblastine, were measured during stress. By the time of 16 d after treatment with HD, the contents of vindoline, catharanthine and anhydrovinblastine were significantly higher, being 1.5, 2.3 and 3.1 folds of the control, respectively. High level of anhydrovinblastine was proved to be induced by soil drought conditions, which offered theory for exploitation and utilization of drug plants.