中国灌木林-经济林-竹林的生态系统服务功能评估

基于森林生态系统的长期连续定位观测数据和全国第五次、第六次、第七次森林资源清查数据，应用中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》（LY/T 1721-2008）对灌木林、经济林、竹林的物质量与价值量进行了评估。结果表明：灌木林、经济林、竹林提供的服务功能价值分别为17953.56亿元?a-1、7569.35亿元?a-1、2659.01亿元?a-1，在全国森林生态服务功能总价值中占有重要的地位。涵养水源和生物多样性保护及固碳释氧是主要的生态服务功能。数量化统计分析得出灌木林生态服务功能价值在华中、华南地区较大，而由于气候等因素，在西北等干旱地区灌木林所占比例较大；经济林生态服务功能价值在西南地区较大；竹林生态服务功能价值在华中、华南地区较大。从第五次森林资源清查到第七次森林资源清查期间近20a来，灌木林、经济林、竹林森林生态服务功能价值变化不大，生态功能稳定。应清醒地认识到灌木林、经济林、竹林在维系和促进当地社会经济持续发展和环境保护中的巨大作用。

The assessment of forest ecosystem services evaluation for shrubbery-economic forest-bamboo forest in China

The quantitative studies on the ecosystem service function of forests have become a worldwide discussed issue in current days due to the various forest-related environmental problems. Since the limitation of water resources and local climate, it has been difficult to use tree to afforest. Also, the ecological benefits for high-forest are difficult to substitute and compensate after deforestation. Non-arboreal including shrubbery, economic forest and bamboo forest is an alternative, which play an important role in ecological benefits. In China, the area of shrubbery, economic forest and bamboo forest is 53.65, 20.41 and 0.0538 million hectares according to the seventh national forest resources inventory results. Based on the data obtained by long-term and continuous observation in forest ecosystem and from 5th, 6th and 7th forest inventory in China, this paper attempts to evaluate the forestry ecosystem service function and amount of value for shrubbery, economic forest and bamboo forest by the forestry standard named Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem services in China (LY/T 1721-2008). The results showed as follows: The ecosystem services value of shrubbery, economic forest and bamboo forest was 1795.36 billion yuan?a-1, 756.94 billion yuan?a-1 and 265.90 billion yuan?a-1, respectively, which account for the total value of forest ecosystem services of 17.67%, 7.45%, 2.62% and account for 7.3% 3.1%, and 1.1% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007. They played an important role in the total value of forest ecosystem services of China. Water conservation, biodiversity protection and CO2 sequestration and O2 release were their main ecosystem services functions. Water conservation in shrubbery, economic forest and bamboo forest accounts for 4.1%, 1.9% and 0.6% of average annual runoff of rivers. In terms of CO2 sequestration, the amount of C sequestration for Shrub forest, economic forest and bamboo forest is 0.055, 0.027 and 0.014 billion ton. The quantitative model showed that the value of shrubbery ecosystem service functions was larger in the central and southern China, however, relatively larger proportion of shrubbery distributed in arid areas such as northwest of China for climatic or other reasons. The value of economic forest ecosystem service functions was larger in the southwest of China and that of bamboo forest was higher in the central and southern China. During the past 20 years, the Ecosystem Services value of the shrub forest, economic forest and bamboo forest with stable ecological functions - had changed little. Shrub forest, economic forest, bamboo forest play an important role in the sustainable development of local society and economy and the environmental protection.