湖北省海口湖、太白湖与武山湖水生植物多样性的比较研究

为了探讨人为干扰与淡水湖泊水生植物多样性的关系，比较研究了湖北省海口湖、太白湖与武山湖水生植物多样性的现状和近20a来三湖泊水生植物多样性的变化，讨论了密齿苦草对太白湖人为干扰的适应机制，探讨了武山湖水生植物多样性及其退化水生生态系统恢复的可能途径。主要结论是：（1）海口湖、太白湖、武山湖现各分布有水生植物57种、35种和11种，分别隶属于28科42属、18科30属和6科9属，近20a来三湖泊分别有1种、9种和29种水生植物消失。（2）1999－2000年三湖泊各分布有水生植物群丛类型14个、6个和0个；全湖植被覆盖率分别是96.18%,76.17%和0％；全湖平均单位面积生物量分别为2896g/m^2,177g/m^2和0g/m^2(鲜重），近20a来其分别下降了12.1%,88.3%和100％；武山湖水生植被已完全消失。（3）所有群丛中，以海口湖的“野菱＋菱群丛”（Trapa incisa Trapa bispinosa Ass.)的群落物种多样性指数最高；密齿苦草群丛（Vallisneria denseserrulata Ass.)；菹草群丛（Potamogeton crispus Ass.)和和“野菱＋菱群丛”为海口湖与太白湖所共有，三者的多样性指数均是海口湖显著高于太白湖。水生植物多样性丰富程度的现状是：海口湖＞太白湖＞武山湖，多样性丧失的程度与其所受干扰程度成正相关。（4）密齿苦草对太白湖人为干扰的适应机制是其具有繁殖能力强的地下根状茎和多数地下越冬块茎。（5）武山湖水生植物多样性及该湖退化水生生态系统恢复的关键是消除工厂废水污染的同时，处理好施肥量与透明度的关系、鱼与草的关系。

A comparative study of aquatic plant diversity of Haikou,Taibai and Wushan Lake in Hubei Province of China

In order to understand the impact of human disturbance on aquatic plant diversity of freshwater lake ecosystems, a comparative study was carried out to examine the aquatic plant diversity of Haikou, Taibai and Wushan Lake in Hubei Province of China that experienced different disturbance intensity. The changes of the diversity in the three lakes over about the past 20 years and the mechanisms of species Vallisneria deseserrulata for adapting to frequent human disturbance in Lake Taibai were also investi...