南方丘陵山地生态系统服务与农村社区协同发展模式研究——以广东乐昌市8个乡村为例

生态系统服务是保障农村经济可持续发展和生态环境健康的重要基础，农村社区作为乡村社会经济的基本构成单位以及小尺度复合生态系统，其经济活动将直接扰动自然生态系统服务。南方丘陵山地是我国重要的生态屏障带，生态保护的意义重大。以该地带重要生态功能区的广东乐昌市的8个地形地貌相似、但发展存有较大差异的乡村为研究对象，利用遥感影像和实地调查数据，综合分析各村土地利用及经济发展状况；基于国际通用生态系统服务分类标准和评估方法，构建乡村生态系统服务指标体系，对各村生态系统服务进行价值评估，并探讨生态系统服务与农村社区协同发展的典型模式。研究表明：（1）从生态服务功能总价值来看，浆源村最高，为16585.173万元/a，前村次之，为13152.621万元/a，车头园村最低，为1611.611万元/a；单位面积生态系统服务价值量总体呈相似的格局，但局部略有差异。前村、上丛村较高，分别为8.739万元hm^-2 a^-1、8.080万元hm^-2 a^-1。（2）土地利用以及经济发展方式的差异，影响了生态系统服务的保持、维护及利用，各村农户经济收入与从生态系统服务获得的福利，以及乡村生态系统服务价值与经济发展水平呈现不均衡的特征。（3）基于发展基础、生态条件等，适度发展乡村特色种植和生态旅游等低影响经济发展模式，有利于降低对生态系统服务，尤其是调节、支持类等功能的影响，并促进生态系统服务非商业价值向商业价值转变，提升乡村经济发展水平。研究结果以期为维护重点生态功能区的生态安全，优化乡村经济结构与发展模式，推进生态服务功能提升及农村社区协同发展提供参考。

Cooperative development model of ecosystem services and rural communities in hilly-mountain of Southern China: a case study of eight villages in Lechang, Guandong Province

Ecosystem services are an important basis for ensuring the sustainable development of rural economy and environmental health. The rural communities, which act as the basic socio-economic units and are ty pical compound social-economic-natural ecosystems, are facing the challenges of urbanization and rapid development, and the economic activities of rural communities will directly disturb the natural ecosystem services. Eight adjacent villages in the Lechang, Guangdong Province,which had similar natural surroundings but different development models, were considered for this study. Using remote sensing data and survey data, the land use and economic development of villages were analyzed. The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) and other proven evaluation methods were used to assess the values of 15 classes of ecosystem service functions and/or products belonging to nine categories in rural ecosystems. We explored the typical mode of ecosystem service and rural community coordinated development. The results showed that (1) from the perspective of the total value of ecological service function, Jiangyuan village had the largest ecosystem service values (ESV) at RMB 16585.173×10⁴ yuan/a; Qiancun village had the second largest ESV at 13152.621×10⁴ yuan/a; and Chetouyuan had the lowest ESV at 1611.611×10⁴ yuan/a. There was a similar unit area pattern for ESV among the eight villages in general, but slightly different in some parts. Qiancun village and Shangcong village were higher, with 8.739×10⁴ yuan and 8.080×10⁴ yuan respectively. (2) The differences in land use and economic development mode affected the conservation and utilization of ecosystem services, the farmers economic income, and the benefits from ecosystem services. Therefore, the rural ecosystem services and the level of social and economic development showed the unbalanced characteristics. (3) Based on the development basis and ecological conditions, the moderate development of low impact economic development models such as rural characteristic planting and eco-tourism were conducive to reducing the impact on ecosystem services, especially regulating and supporting functions, promoting the transformation of non-commercial value of ecosystem services to commercial value, and improving rural economic income. The results were expected to provide reference for maintaining the ecological security of key ecological functional areas, optimizing the rural economic structure and development mode, promoting the improvement of ecological service function and the coordinated development of rural communities.