红树林宜林海洋环境指标研究

通过文献资料综合和实地调查，分析研究了温度、盐度、沉积物、潮汐浸淹和波浪能量5种海洋环境因素对红树林总体和各树种分布和生长的影响。明确指出了温度对红树林纬向分布、盐度对红树林沿河口湾和潮水河的上溯、潮汐浸淹频率对红树林沿潮滩的横向分布、和海岸波浪能量对红树林由港湾向开阔海岸的沿岸分布的主导控制作用和各自在我国东南沿海红树林区表现的临界参数。最冷月平均气温9.3℃和水温10.6℃，为最耐寒树种秋茄人工种植分布的北界；大片红树林可分布于河口湾和潮水河的全年大部分时间以咸水为主的岸段(如夏季盐度常＜2.0‰,冬季盐度可达15‰～20‰),零星红树植物可接近枯季大潮咸水上界;红树林只能占据平均海平面(或稍上)与回归潮平均高高潮位之间,大致为潮汐浸淹频率47.5%和2.9%;利用16个方位的平均风速V(m/s),风向频率F(%),有效风区长度L(km),计算海岸波能指数W=∑(Vi2FiLi),W＜7.0×103为适宜红树林生长的低波能海岸；W＞10.5×103为不适宜红树林生长的高波能海岸；W=（7.0～10.5）×103为红树林生长零星或很差,或仅能生长人工林或幼林的中波能海岸。这些临界参数可以作为上述海洋环境因素定量的总体的宜林指标。

Marine environmental indexes related to mangrove growth

Based on literature search and field investigations,the influences of 5 marine environmental factors such as temperature,salinity,sediment,tidal inundation and wave energy on mangrove distribution and growth are studied in general and on level of species to some degree.Their leading control roles are discussed and some potential indexes related to mangrove growth are proposed definitely. (1)Air or seawater temperatures have a control on the latitudinal distribution of mangroves.In global pattern,mangroves ...