关于害虫生态防治若干概念的讨论

讨论有关害虫生态防治策略的若干基本概念，包括产生背景，含义，与综合防治等的关系以及实施等。综合防治遇到的一些问题使得人们寻找新的策略，而生态学，计算机，信息科学及分子生物学的知识与技术的普及则催产了生态防治策略。该策略的要义是强调系统观点和经济生态学原则，运用任何适宜的措施调控害虫种群，不断改善农业生态系统功能，实现环境安全，经济高效，生态协调，持续发展的目标，生态防治的定义与综合防治十分接近，实践中难以区分。生态防治策略及措施具有不同的发展阶段，且随国家和地区的条件不同而变化。与综合防治一样,生态防治的实施需要适宜的社会组织，包含社会组织的统一防治2将有助于生态防治的实施。

A Discuss on the Conceptions of Ecological Pest Management

This paper gives an overview on the studies and conceptual development of ecological pest management (EPM) or ecologically based Pest management (EBPM) strategy. Examinations are made on EPM's background, implication, relation to integrated pest management (IPM) and sustainable pest control, and implementation. Trying to solve some problems with IPM needs a new management strategy. The widespread knowledge and technologies of ecology, computer, information and molecular biology sciences lay a foundation of EPM. Essential of this new strategy is to put a stress on principles of system and econ-ecology, use of suitable measures to reduce or regulate a pest population, and requirement of continuous improving the functions of an agroecosystem. It's goals are focused on environmental safety, ecological harmony, economical profitability and development sustainability. There is a close relation of EPM to IPM and it is hardly to distinguish these two strategies in a practical control. The strategy and tactics of an EPM have several stages of development and vary with a change in social, economic and technical conditions in different countries or regions. Implementation of EPM needs suitable social organizations and the community-wide strategy incorporating social organizations can play an important role in the implementation.