澳门城市生态系统格局变化研究

澳门回归祖国近20年间,社会经济快速发展、填海造地工程加速推进、海岸带人口不断集聚,生态系统格局发生巨大变化。以2001年和2017年两期高分辨率遥感影像数据为基础,首先分析土地利用转移矩阵及重心转移状况;然后,通过粒度上推法确定最佳分析粒度,并利用移动窗口法研究澳门城市生态系统格局时空变化;最后,结合实地调研情况,对研究发现展开讨论。研究结果表明:(1)澳门城市总面积由26.19 km2增加到32.77 km2,增长率为25.12%,其中裸地和建设用地扩张显著;(2)澳门城市生态系统受人为干扰作用显著,城市景观破碎度增加、多样性降低,景观形状趋于复杂、不规则,城市生境质量存在下降风险;(3)澳门半岛和离岛各景观组分和空间构型差异性显著,优势景观分别为建设用地和有林地;(4)澳门半岛主要填海方式为离岛围填,而离岛区域则为海滨围填。

Study on the evolution of urban ecosystem patterns in Macao

During the past 20 years of Macao''s return to the motherland, rapid development of the society and the economy, acceleration of land reclamation projects, and the continuously congregated population of coastal zones have led to tremendous changes in urban ecosystem patterns. Based on two high-resolution remote sensing images of 2001 and 2017, the land use transfer matrix and the center of gravity transfer were analyzed. Then optimum analysis granularity was determined by the granularity push method, and spatial and temporal changes of urban ecological system patterns were studied by the moving window method. Finally, combined with field investigations, research findings were discussed. The results indicated that:(1) the total land area of Macao expanded from 26.19 km² to 32.77 km², with a growth rate of 25.12%, of which bare land and construction land expanded significantly; (2) the urban ecological system of Macao was greatly affected by human disturbance, which resulted in the increase of the urban landscape fragmentation, the decrease of diversity, the complex and irregular landscape shape, and the risk of the decline in the quality of urban habitats; (3) landscape composition and the spatial structure of the Macao Peninsula and Islands were significantly different, and their dominant landscapes were construction land and forest land, respectively; and (4) the main reclamation method in Macao peninsula was islands reclamation, while coastal reclamation was the main reclamation method in the Island area.