河北小五台山国家级自然保护区森林群落与环境的关系

植物与环境之间的关系是一个复杂的演变过程,运用数量生态学方法探讨森林群落的物种组成、种群的生态特征、不同植物群落与环境之间的关系,有助于保护该区森林群落的稳定性和生物多样性。根据148个森林群落样方数据,选用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,对河北小五台山国家级自然保护区森林群落进行分类和排序研究。结果表明:(1)TWINSPAN将该区的森林群落分为20个类型;(2)CCA排序结果较好地反映出群落分布格局与环境梯度的关系,各个森林群落类型在前两轴分异明显,在11个环境因子中,海拔、坡位、凋落层厚度、土壤导电率、土壤温度、土壤湿度、土壤厚度和干扰程度这8个环境因子对森林群落的分布起较大的作用,影响森林群落的分布格局,形成不同的植被类型。(3)乔木层优势种的CCA二维排序图所揭示的环境梯度与群落类型的分布有很大的相似性;t值双序图阐明了海拔、凋落层厚度、土壤温度、干扰程度等环境因子对森林群落乔木层优势种有着重要影响。采用TWINSPAN分类与CCA排序的方法,较好地解释了森林群落与环境因子的关系,为小五台山地区森林生态系统的科学管理和保护提供了理论依据,研究结果也为同类地区森林生态系统研究及保护提供参考和借鉴。

Relationship between forest communities and the environment in the Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve, Hebei

The relationship of plants and the environment is a complex evolution process. We discuss species composition of forest communities, ecological characteristics of the population, and the relationship between different plant communities and the environment with quantitative ecology method to protect the stability of forest communities and biodiversity in the area. The forest communities in the Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve in Hebei province were investigated with a two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). All quadrats (n=148) were classified into 20 groups representing 20 plant communities. The results of the CCA ordination clearly reflected the pattern of community distribution, and it was obvious in the gradients of the first and second axis, which mainly represented altitude, slope position, litter layer thickness, soil electrical conductivity, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil thickness, and disturbance. All environmental factors influenced the forest community distribution pattern and the formation of different vegetation types. The CCA ordination of dominant species in tree layer revealed a high degree of similarity between environmental gradients and the distributions of community types. A two-dimensional t-value diagram clarified that altitude, litter layer thickness, soil temperature, and disturbance played an important role in dominant species in the tree layer of forest communities. In this study, we used TWINSPAN classification and CCA ordination to explain the relationships between forest communities and environmental factors. The purpose was to provide a theoretical basis for scientific management of the Xiaowutai Mountain area and to analyze the results that can be used as a reference for research and protection of forest ecosystems in similar areas.