嘉峪关草湖湿地植物功能群组成及其性状对不同生境的响应

植物功能群与生境的关系是生态学研究的重要内容,对于揭示植物的环境适应机制、群落构建机制、预测植被变化等具有重要意义。为研究局域尺度上干旱区湿地、沙漠、戈壁等生态系统功能群的环境适应机制,在嘉峪关草湖国家湿地公园内,基于植物功能性状数据,研究了荒漠区不同生境条件下的功能群组成和功能性状特性。结果表明:随着生境条件的改变,土壤含水量、含盐量、容重、pH值等土壤性质发生显著变化;植物的功能群组成和功能性状会发生适应性的变化,沼泽湿地生境内植被的功能性状以克隆、C4光合途径、根茎型等特征为主,盐沼湿地以叶片被蜡、叶茎肉质、CS策略等特征为主,沙丘生境以叶片具毛、风播、具增厚或增长的根、一年生、CR策略等特征为主,荒漠戈壁以叶片少、具增厚或增长的根、虫媒、地上芽等特征为主。局域尺度上,生境异质性尤其是土壤条件的异质性是影响植物群落组成和植物功能性状变化的重要环境因子。

Responses of composition and functional traits of plant functional groups to different habitats in Jiayuguan Caohu Wetland

The relationship between plant functional groups and habitats is an important topic of the research of ecology. It can reveal the mechanism of plant environmental adaption, community construction, and can predict the changes of vegetation. In order to study adaption of the functional groups to different habitats in the arid area such as wetland, desert and gobi on a local scale, the composition and functional traits of functional groups in different habitats of desert areas were studied in Jiayuguan Caohu National Wetland Park based on the data of plant functional traits. The results showed that, with the change of habitat conditions, the soil water moisture, salt content, bulk density, pH value and other soil properties changed significantly. The composition of plant functional groups and functional traits changed adaptively. The functional traits of vegetation in the marsh wetland were mainly clonal plant, C₄ photosynthetic pathway, and rhizomatous plant. The salt marsh wetland were mainly wax-coating, leaf or stem succulence, and CS strategy type. Dune habitats were with hairiness, thickened or long roots, annual, and CR strategy type, while Gobi with reduced leaves, thickened or long roots, entomophilous, and chamaephyte. On the local scale, habitat heterogeneity, especially soil heterogeneity, is an important environmental factor affecting the composition of plant communities and the changes of plant functional traits.