基于资源环境承载力的国家级新区空间开发管控研究

随着我国城市工业化和城镇化的快速推进,由于不合理的空间开发导致生态空间被挤占、城市资源环境超载现象日益突出。以资源环境承载力为基础的空间开发管控制度是体现生态优先、绿色发展理念,从源头实现城市经济社会发展和环境协调发展的重要路径。选取国家级新区江北新区为案例地区,通过构建涵盖生态保护重要性、土地承载力、环境容量、环境压力4个要素层、10项具体指标的评价体系,基于GIS空间分析工具评估区域资源环境承载力。研究表明江北新区资源环境承载力呈现由沿江向内陆、平原地区向丘陵地区逐级递减趋势,根据要素层在空间分布差异性,将区域分为资源环境承载力饱和区域、资源承载力尚好但环境压力较大区域、资源承载力较好且环境压力较小区域、生态环境安全保障区域四个类型,并制定差异化的空间准入和管控措施。研究不仅为资源环境要素全面融入国家新一轮空间规划体系制定和实施全过程提供技术支撑,也可为长江经济带制造业发达地区探索可持续发展空间开发路径提供案例借鉴。

Research on urban space development and control of national new areas based on environmental carrying capacity

With the rapid advancement of urban industrialization and urbanization, ecological space in cities is facing the risk of being occupied and the phenomenon of urban resource and environmental overloading is becoming increasingly prominent due to unreasonable space development. The space development control system based on environmental carrying capacity is not only an important way to reflect the concept of ecological priority and green development, but also the main path to achieve the coordinated development of urban economy, society, and environment from the source. Taking the national new area Nanjing Jiangbei New Area as a case study, this paper describes an evaluation system of environmental carrying capacity. The system covers specific indicators and four factor layers for the importance of ecological protection, land carrying capacity, environmental capacity, and environmental stress. An overlay analysis is utilized to analyze factor layers based on the GIS Spatial Analysis tool. The results show that the environmental carrying capacity in Jiangbei New Area decreases gradually from the riverside to inland areas, and from the plain to hilly areas. According to the spatial distribution differences of the factor layers, this study divides the case area into four types:environmental carrying capacity saturated areas, unsaturated areas of carrying capacity but with high environmental pressure, carrying capacity sufficient area with less environmental pressure, and eco-environment safety guarantee area. Furthermore, this study puts forward different spatial access threshold and control requirements for different regions. This study not only provides technical support for promoting the comprehensive integration of resources and environmental elements into the new round of spatial planning systems, but also provides a case for China''s traditional manufacturing of developed new areas along the Yangtze River Economic Zone to explore a sustainable space development path.