红松种子园种群表型多样性研究

为揭示红松（Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.）不同种群的表型分化程度和变异规律，以吉林省露水河红松种子园6个种群红松为研究对象，采用巢式方差分析、多重比较、变异系数和聚类分析等方法对红松的叶片、球果和种子共15个表型性状进行了系统分析。结果表明：（1）红松15个表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在着极显著的差异，红松种群遗变异比较丰富，在松属植物中属于中等水平，其中纬度最低的露水河种群在其中10个表型性状均值上表现出最高值；（2）红松种群间的表型分化系数（Vst）均值为12.39%，种群内的变异（87.61%）大于种群间的变异（12.39%），种群内的变异是主要变异来源；（3）各表型性状平均变异系数为13.28%，变幅为6.16%-31.48%，叶片、球果、种子的平均变异系数依次为：球果17.86% > 针叶11.19% > 种子9.87%，种子性状最小，成为最稳定的表型性状，带岭和丰林种群表型性状遗传多样性要高于其他种群；（4）利用欧氏平均距离对红松种群进行UPGMA聚类分析，红松种群的表型性状按照地理距离而聚类，可将红松种子园6个种群分为4类，其表型性状跟地形（东北山脉）有一定的契合。红松种群具有中等水平的表型遗传多样性，种群间和种群内均存在丰富的表型变异，研究结果为顺利开展红松种质资源收集、保存，以及良种选育等工作提供依据。

Phenotypic diversity of Pinus koraiensis populations in a seed orchard

Pinus koraiensis is a rare and protected species in China. In this study, our objectives were to determine the phenotypic variation, distribution mechanisms and patterns of different P. koraiensis populations in a seed orchard. We studied morphological variation among and within six populations of P. koraiensis based on analysis of 15 phenotypic traits (including needle, cone, and seed traits). Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multi-comparison, and the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) cluster analysis were used to analyse the data. The results showed that:(1) there were significant differences in all 15 traits among and within populations of P. koraiensis, revealing a large variation. Within the genus Pinus, P. koraiensis shows intermediate levels of variation. The most southern population showed the highest mean value in 10 of the 15 traits; (2) mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (Vst) within populations was 87.61%, higher than that among population (12.39%), indicating that the largest part of phenotypic variation is retained within populations in P. koraiensis; (3) the average value of coefficient of variation (CV) was 13.28%, and ranged from 6.16% to 31.48% among traits. Among traits, the CV decreased from cone (17.86%) to needle (11.19%) to seed traits (9.87%), which were the most stable traits. The phenotypic diversity of DL and FL populations was higher than that of other populations; (4) according to UPGMA cluster analysis, the phenotypic traits of P. koraiensis populations clustered by geographical distance. The six populations P. koraiensis used in this study can be divided into four groups, which are significantly related in topography (mountains in northeast of China). Overall, we observed abundant phenotypic variation among and within populations, which provides critical information for resource collection, conservation, and breeding of this ecologically important species.