济南河流大型底栖动物摄食功能群多样性及时空动态

2014年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月)对济南地区24个样点的大型底栖动物和水环境理化因子进行了野外调查。利用多样性指数以及典范对应分析等方法,分析了大型底栖动物群落组成和空间结构特征。结果表明:共采集到大型底栖动物3门57种,分别为节肢动物门、软体动物门和环节动物门。春季、夏季和秋季采集到大型底栖动物45种、35种和33种,春季优势种为霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和豆螺(Bithynia fuchsiana),夏季优势种为溪流摇蚊(Chironomus riparius)和豆螺(Bithynia fuchsiana),秋季优势种为喜盐摇蚊(Chironomus salinarius)和豆螺(Bithynia fuchsiana)。春季、夏季和秋季密度平均值为2.49×10~3、0.56×10~3、1.03×10~3个体/m~2;生物量平均值为495.59、137.26、109.45 g/m2;Shannon-Wiener指数平均值分别为1.37、1.33和1.17;均匀度指数平均值分别为0.55、0.67和0.59。全地区共划分出大型底栖动物功能摄食类群5类,春季收集者种类最多为20种,夏季刮食者种类最多为12种,秋季收集者与刮食者种类最多为11种,3个季节中收集者密度均占绝对优势,其次为刮食者。典范对应分析表明,春季影响黄河流域和淮河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是总磷和总氮;夏季影响黄河流域和淮河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是pH和溶解氧;秋季影响黄河流域和淮河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是溶解氧和pH。

Diversity and temporal-spatial dynamics of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in the rivers of the Jinan Region

The objective of the study was to show the relationship between the community structure of macroinvertebrate and the associated environmental factors, based on Independent sample t test method, scatter plot analysis method, classification of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups and Canonical correspondence analysis and other methods in Jinan Region from spring 2014 (May) to autumn 2014(November). We identified 57 macroinvertebrate species,consist of Arthropoda,Mollusca and Annelida,We identified 45,35 and 33 macroinvertebrate species in spring,summer and autumn, Bithynia fuchsiana was the dominant class, followed by Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,Chironomus riparius Meigen and then Chironomus salinarius Kiffer. The average values of macroinvertebrate densities, Biomass, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index ranged from 0.56×10³ ind/m² to 2.49×10³ ind/m², from 109.45 g/m² to 495.59 g/m²,from 4.55 to 3.75,from0.55 to 0.67 from spring to autumn, respectively. Overall, we categorized these taxa into following five functional feeding groups, Gather-collectors density are dominant.Canonical correspondence analysis results showed that macroinvertebrate community structure was largely determined by the interactions between total phosphorus and total nitrogen in spring in Huang River Basin and Huai River Basin. Dissolved oxygen and pH was the main environmental factors limitation of macroinvertebrate community structure in summer in Huang River Basin and Huai River Basin. In autumn, the primarily environmental factors limiting macroinvertebrate community was dissolved oxygen and pH in Huang River Basin and Huai River Basin.