高寒地区路堑边坡植被恢复效果

以大兴安岭地区阿荣旗至博客图段高速公路边坡作为研究对象,研究厚质基层喷附技术和植生混凝土喷附技术的植被恢复效果。结果表明:1)从植物群落组成情况和群落相似性系数来看,两种技术的总体恢复效果差别不明显,但植生混凝土喷附坡面植物群落更为接近自然水平。2)同样基于植物群落组成和群落相似性系数,两种技术在阴坡和阳坡上的恢复效果存在明显不同。3)土壤全氮和有机质含量的适当增长可以促进植物群落发展,而土壤速效磷含量的增长会抑制其发展。4)推荐较为合理的物种搭配为艾蒿、柳蒿、羊草、贝加尔针茅、兴安胡枝子、紫穗槐和兴安柳。研究可改善这两种生态恢复复方式在该地区的应用,优化物种配置,防止二次退化问题的出现,为后期养护、管理提供理论依据。

Vegetation restoration effects of rock cutting slopes in the cold region of China

With the rapid economic, scientific, and technological development, China''s expressway network is increasingly improving. However, expressway networks can damage ecosystems, and generate a large number of high and steep slopes. Because these slopes can be dangerous, it is of great importance to restore them. The United States and other developed countries have a long history in ecological slope restoration, and currently, Japan is the world leader in the field of restoration techniques. In China, the efforts for ecological restoration are still behind other countries, although its ecological restoration techniques are developing, especially those for special geographical environments such as rock slopes. Compared with soil slopes, rock slopes are high, steep, and with relatively poor soil conditions. Furthermore, rock slopes are extremely unstable, which makes them difficult to recover. In China, numerous methodologies have been implemented to restore rock slopes. Currently, thick layer planting and eco-concrete technologies are widely used for restoration activities in China. However, these two methodologies are still imitated mechanically from other countries, and no particularly thorough, systematic, or comprehensive research is available. Thus, China''s ecological restoration work is facing serious issues, especially in the cold region. Unlike other regions in China, the extremely low temperatures in the cold region hinder plant growth, because of diseases and the harsh environment. Many artificial slope plants used in this region have poor cold hardiness or stress resistance. This causes degradation of many artificial slopes, leading to a decrease in the vegetation cover, and death of native species even after a period of growth and reproduction.In the present study, the Arun Banner to Boketu expressway was chosen as the study area, in order to evaluate the restoration effects of thick layer planting and eco-concrete techniques. We also aimed to understand the successional stages, and determine the soil-plant relationships by analyzing the plant communities'', Margalef index, Shannon-Weiner index, Pielou index, Jaccard index, and soil data. The results indicate that:1) the two techniques did not result in significantly different plant communities and similarity indices, although eco-concrete slope plant communities were closer to natural ones; 2) obvious differences were observed between the plant communities and similarity indices of shady and sunny slopes; 3) a specific increment in soil total nitrogen and organic matter content can promote the development of plant communities. In addition, an increase in soil available phosphorus content will inhibit this development; 4) Artemisia argyi, Artemisia integrifolia, Leymus chinensis, Stipa Baicalensis, Lespedeza daurica, Amorpha fruticosa, and Salix hsinganica are the most appropriate and effective species for use in this restoration work.Overall, this study can provide a basis for improving the application of both technologies in this region, to optimize species configuration, prevent secondary degradation problems, and provide a theoretical basis for future conservation and management measures.