沙地云杉林研究述评

沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)是我国特有的针叶林树种,主要分布于内蒙古白音敖包国家级自然保护区。在该地区的防风治沙、退化土壤的生态恢复,三北防护林体系建设等方面起着重要作用。从沙地云杉林的生长环境、个体生态、种群生态、群落生态等方面对国内外的研究现状和最新研究进展进行了综述,并从不同尺度上对沙地云杉林未来研究中应该重视的一些科学问题进行了展望。这些科学问题主要有:(1)沙地云杉个体生长、生殖和保护的结构和生理机理方面的研究。(2)沙地云杉种群与群落方面的研究包括:生命表与生育力表编制与统计;种内与种间的关系;化感作用;种群、群落发生、发展和衰亡的内在机制;自然干扰和人为干扰对沙地云杉更新的研究;全球气温变化对沙地云杉林天然更新的影响等。(3)沙地云杉林生态系统方面的研究包括:大量和微量营养元素在沙地云杉林的凋落物?微生物?土壤?沙地云杉的循环、利用规律及转化机理;凋落物分解规律及机理;水分循环;土壤理化性质和生化特性对沙地云杉生长和生物量的影响;沙地云杉林生态系统能量流动和信息传递研究等。(4)沙地云杉林生态经营研究;沙地云杉丰产林营造技术;沙地云杉种子园、母树林规划与创建;沙地云杉林杄插繁殖技术与无性系研究;幼树移栽技术;沙地云杉天然林和人工林施肥技术;沙地云杉林病虫害预测与防治研究等。

Review of the studies on Picea mongolica forest

Picea mongolica is a unique species of conifer in China, mainly growing in the Baiyinaobao National Reserve, Inner Mogolia. It plays a significant role in protecting against wind and controlling desertification, improving the ecological environment in this region of soil degradation, as well as constructing the Three-North Shelterbelt. In this paper, the present situation and the latest research progress on Picea mongolica at home and abroad were reviewed from the aspects of growth environment, individual ecology, population ecology, and community ecology. Some scientific questions that should be paid attention to in future studies of Picea mongolica were proposed at different scales. These scientific issues include (1) studies on the structure and physiological mechanisms of the growth, reproduction, and protection of Picea mongolica. (2) Points of study on Picea mongolica populations and communities in the desert are as follows:compilations and statistical analysis of life tables and fertility tables; intraspecific and interspecific relationships; allelopathy; internal mechanisms of occurrence; development and decline of populations and communities; the regeneration of Picea mongolica by natural disturbance and man-made disturbance; the effect of global temperature change on the natural regeneration of Picea mongolica. (3) Studies on the ecosystem of Picea mongolica are as follows:the cycle, utilization rules, and transformation mechanisms of a large number of micronutrients in litters; microorganism-soil-Picea mongolica systems; decomposition laws and mechanisms of litter; water cycle; effects of soil physicochemical and biochemical properties on the growth and biomass of Picea mongolica; energy flow and information transfer in the Picea mongolica forest ecosystem. (4) Studies on the ecological management of Picea mongolica are as follows:technology for Picea mongolica construction; planning and establishment of Picea mongolica seed orchards and mother forests; Picea mongolica forest breeding technology and clone research; sapling transplanting technology; fertilization technology for natural and artificial Picea mongolica forests; forecast and control of diseases and insect pests of Picea mongolica.