辽东山区林参复合经营土壤质量评价

林参复合经营是辽东山区典型的林下经济模式之一,而林下参的生长对于环境条件要求很高,其中,土壤质量是制约人参生长的重要因素之一,并对人参产业的健康发展至关重要。目前,阔叶混交林、针阔混交林和蒙古栎纯林是辽东山区广泛分布的林参复合经营林分类型,选择3种林分下立地特征相似、人参种植年限不同的样地,测定土壤物理、化学和生物学因子共25项指标,采用方差分析、主成分分析、相关分析等统计学方法和专家经验法构建了林参复合经营土壤质量评价最小数据集(MDS),并利用模糊数学法对不同样地土壤质量进行了定量评价。结果表明,研究区林参复合经营土壤质量评价最小数据集包括容重、pH、有机质、速效K、全Zn、微生物量N、酸性磷酸酶和细菌共8项指标。此外,土壤质量值由高到低依次为针阔混交林对照样地(0.764)蒙古栎纯林对照样地(0.745)针阔混交林14a人参样地(0.614)蒙古栎纯林20a人参样地(0.385)阔叶混交林12a人参样地(0.361)阔叶混交林对照样地(0.354)阔叶混交林6a人参样地(0.323)阔叶混交林9a人参样地(0.308)阔叶混交林3a人参样地(0.230),说明林分类型特征和人参种植年限对土壤质量会产生不同程度影响。今后,在辽东山区林参复合经营发展过程中,可以该最小数据集为基础,充分考虑土壤质量状况,并适当进行管理,以保障人参健康生长,促进人参产业可持续发展。

Soil quality assessment of a forest-ginseng agroforestry system in the mountainous region of eastern Liaoning Province, Northeast China

A forest-ginseng agroforestry system produces significant economic benefits. However, the successful growth of ginseng requires particular environmental conditions, with soil quality being one of the most important factors restricting the growth of this plant. Therefore, understanding the optimal soil conditions for ginseng is essential to the healthy development of the ginseng industry. Currently, broad-leaved mixed forest (BM), conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest (CB), and Quercus mongolica forest (QM) are widely distributed forest-ginseng agroforestry stand types. In this study, we selected nine samples from three stand types in eastern Liaoning Province, China, that had similar stand characteristics but different ginseng cultivation years. Twenty-five soil quality factors were measured, including physical, chemical, and biological indicators. We then established the minimum data set (MDS) of forest-ginseng agroforestry soil assessment using analysis of variance, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and expert experience method, and we used the fuzzy mathematics method to quantitatively evaluate soil quality. The results showed that (1) the optimal MDS to assess soil quality in the forest-ginseng agroforestry of this region is composed of eight indices: bulk density, pH, organic matter, available K, total Zn, microbial biomass N, acid phosphatase, and bacteria. (2) Soil quality value decreased in the following order: non-cultivated ginseng control sample in CB (0.764) > non-cultivated ginseng control sample in QM (0.745) > 14-year-old ginseng sample in CB (0.614) > 20-year-old ginseng sample in QM (0.385) > 12-year-old ginseng sample in BM (0.361) > non-cultivated ginseng control sample in BM (0.354) > 6-year-old ginseng sample in BM (0.323) > 9-year-old ginseng sample in BM (0.308) > 3-year-old ginseng sample in BM (0.230). These results suggest that forest stand type and ginseng cultivation years had different influences on soil quality. In future efforts to develop forest-ginseng agroforestry in this region, full consideration must be given to soil quality based on the soil quality MDS, and appropriate management measures need to be implemented. This study provides insights for ginseng cultivation and the sustainable development of the ginseng industry.