中国碳交易市场的特征、动力机制与趋势——基于国际经验比较

建立和完善碳交易市场是目前各国政府控制温室气体排放、积极应对全球气候变化的重要途径之一,厘清其发展特征和动力是推动碳交易的前提。将碳交易市场作为自然-经济-社会复合生态系统反馈机制的一环,从国际、国内两个尺度对碳交易市场的特征、动力机制和趋势做了分析,发现国际气候谈判的核心利益、减排的融资需求、货币霸权是碳交易市场全球化和金融化的主要驱动力。中国碳交易市场发展具有分阶段、市场规模大、发展不平衡、试点区域构建了碳交易政策体系等特征。鉴于中国经济增速快、碳排放增量大、能源依赖性大、区域发展不平衡、政府主导经济发展和外围保障体系不够完善等因素影响下,国内减排压力和国际声誉作为内在驱动机制,与国际相通的驱动机制共同促使形成具有中国特色的全国统一碳交易市场。同时,中国碳交易市场存在规模和业务扩大、制度更加完善、成为有世界话语权的碳交易市场等发展趋势。

The characteristics, motivational mechanism and trend of china's carbon trading market: based on international experience

Establishing and improving the carbon trading market are currently important ways for governments to control greenhouse gas emission and respond actively to global climate change, whereas clarifying its developmental status and motivation are the fundamental premises pushing forward carbon trade. From the perspective of the international and domestic scopes, this study analyzes the formation, current status, characteristics, and future trends of the carbon trading market, which is seen as part of the feedback mechanism of the natural economic social complex ecosystem. In this study, the core interest of international climate negotiations, financing demand for emissions reduction, and currency hegemony are considered as determinants of the globalization and financialization of the carbon trading market. Empirical analysis is applied to define the developmental status and accomplishment of China''s carbon market. The development of China''s carbon trading market has a phased, large-scale, imbalance, build up carbon trading policy system based on pilot area and other characteristics..Carbon trade pilot projects in seven locations, including Beijing, were officially in operation, the increased trading volume of which has built up the preliminary carbon trading policy system. Considering the rapid growth of China''s economy, a large increment of carbon emission, strong dependence on energies, unbalanced regional development, special status of state-owned companies, economic development dominated by government, and an insufficient peripheral security system, it is necessary to improve the carbon sink trading system and establish a nationwide carbon trading market. This paper describes the anticipated developmental trends, such as scale increase, financialization, system maturation, and development into a world carbon trading market with power of disclosure, for China''s carbon trading market.