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祁连山东段高原鼢鼠对高寒草甸危害评价
引用本文:周延山,花立民,楚彬,刘丽,姬程鹏,田永亮.祁连山东段高原鼢鼠对高寒草甸危害评价[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5922-5930.
作者姓名:周延山  花立民  楚彬  刘丽  姬程鹏  田永亮
作者单位:甘肃农业大学草业学院, 兰州 730070,甘肃农业大学草业学院, 兰州 730070,甘肃农业大学草业学院, 兰州 730070,甘肃农业大学草业学院, 兰州 730070,甘肃农业大学草业学院, 兰州 730070,甘肃农业大学草业学院, 兰州 730070
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31460635);农业部公益性行业科研项目(201203041)
摘    要:为了客观评价高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)对高寒草甸的危害程度,在祁连山东段研究了高原鼢鼠不同种群密度与草地质量之间的关系,共设置了3个高原鼢鼠种群密度梯度,调查了3个危害等级变量(鼠丘数、鼠丘面积和鼠丘产草量)和6个生境变量(草地产草量、总盖度、可食牧草产量、植被组成、土壤水分和土壤紧实度),通过One-Way ANOVA检验法研究这些因子与高原鼢鼠危害程度的关系。结果表明:在设置的3个种群密度梯度下,草地产草量、总盖度、可食牧草产量和鼠丘产草量无显著性差异;草地植物群落结构、新鼠丘面积占调查区面积的比例无显著性差异,除高原鼢鼠采食深度(0—20 cm)外,3个种群密度区土壤紧实度无显著性差异,而0—30 cm处土壤水分存在显著性差异,说明本研究中不同高原鼢鼠种群密度区的草地质量没有显著性差异。此外,研究结果表明调查样地大小与危害评价有着密切关系,在高寒草甸区,单个样方调查面积以0.5 hm~2以上为宜。

关 键 词:高原鼢鼠  草地质量  鼠丘  植被组成  土壤
收稿时间:2015/7/21 0:00:00
修稿时间:2016/4/21 0:00:00

Assessment of damage caused by plateau zokor to an alpine meadow in eastern Qilian Mountain
ZHOU Yanshan,HUA Limin,CHU Bin,LIU Li,JI Chengpeng and TIAN Yongliang.Assessment of damage caused by plateau zokor to an alpine meadow in eastern Qilian Mountain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5922-5930.
Authors:ZHOU Yanshan  HUA Limin  CHU Bin  LIU Li  JI Chengpeng and TIAN Yongliang
Institution:College of Rangeland Science of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China,College of Rangeland Science of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China,College of Rangeland Science of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China,College of Rangeland Science of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China,College of Rangeland Science of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China and College of Rangeland Science of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Abstract:Alpine grassland is an important and characteristic ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but has been severely degraded by the combined effects of climate change, human activity, over-grazing, and rodent damage. The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) is one of the dominant rat species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and has an important influence on alpine grassland ecosystems. At present, the damage to alpine meadow caused by plateau zokor is unclear, and few studies have assessed this. To objectively assess the damage to alpine meadow caused by plateau zokor, the effect on the yield of grass, plant diversity, soil, and suitable sampling area should be assessed. The present study analyzed the relationship between zokor population density and meadow quality on the eastern Qilian Mountain. Three paddocks with different zokor population densities were selected to investigate three variables of zokor damage (mound number, mound area and biomass on mounds), and six variables of habitat factors (biomass, coverage, botanical components, edible forage yield, soil moisture, and soil compaction). The relationship between variables and factors was determined using a one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences between the three paddocks with different population densities (P>0.05) in aboveground biomass, total coverage, edible forage yield, biomass on the mounds, botanical components, and the proportion that new mound areas occupied of the total investigated area of paddock. Generally, there were no significant differences in grassland quality between the three density areas. Regarding the influence of plateau zokor on the soil, except for the depth of zokor foraging in soil (0-20 cm), there was no significant difference in soil compaction between the three paddocks (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in soil moisture at a soil depth of 0-30 cm between the three paddocks (P<0.05), where the moisture increased with the increase in plateau zokor population density. The results indicated that the quality of the sampled paddocks was not significantly different under three zokor population densities in the study area. The present study indicated that the damage to alpine meadow caused by plateau zokor is not necessarily more serious at high population densities. A hazard rating for plateau zokor should be determined for the comprehensive treatment of damage to alpine meadows. Moreover, the sample size could also affect the results of the survey. The present study revealed that sample size influenced the assessment of zokor damage to alpine meadows, and the appropriate sampling area should be over 0.5 ha of the alpine meadow.
Keywords:plateau zokor  pasture quality  mounds  vegetation composition  soil
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