国内外生态城市规划建设比较研究

中国正处在快速城镇化阶段，是城市实现生态转型的关键节点。然而生态城市规划建设的技术、管理和保障机制等落后于城市开发。概述了生态城市的起源、发展历程和最新理念，在国内外各遴选了面积相似的生态城市案例9个（含2个生态社区），追踪发展动态，分析规划建设特点，比较其在战略规划、绿色出行、技术和产业、公共参与和保障措施上的异同，结合《城市与区域规划国际准则》和《绿色生态城区评价标准》，对国内生态城市的建设管理提出建议。在城市层面制定应对气候变化等潜在危险的长期战略，短期目标要适宜可考核；以人为本，完善公共服务，增强城市的包容性；建立系统思维，加强本土技术创新，促进产业发展转型；完善保障机制，提供公众参与的渠道。

Comparative case study of domestic and international eco-cities and its enlightenment to China

China is at the key node for urban ecological transformation for its rapid urbanization. However, technology, management and ensuring mechanisms have lagged behind urban development. Here, the origins, development history and latest ideas of eco-cities have been summarized, including the International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial planning and Assessment Standard for Green Eco-district. Nine cases (including two eco-communities) with similar size at home and abroad were selected to analyze their planning and construction characteristics, compare their strategic planning, transportation, technology and industry, public participation and safeguard measures. Finally, four suggestions were made as follows: 1) Developing long-term strategies to address potential risks such as climate change at the city level and short-term goals should be appropriate for assessment; 2) enhancing people-oriented and inclusive public services; 3) promoting systematically thinking, local technical innovation and industry transformation; 4) providing opportunities for public participation and strengthening supporting measures.