人为干扰对传粉昆虫群落物种多样性及其优势类群生态位的影响

物种多样性是群落功能复杂性和稳定性的重要量度指标,不同干扰强度下物种多样性和生态位特征不同,人为干扰对传粉群落的影响可以通过群落结构和物种多样性的变化直接表现出来。在巩义市选取24个采样点,3种景观类型(农田、灌丛、林地)进行取样,共捕获传粉昆虫18576头,分属于14目,147科,双翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目与缨翅目6个传粉功能群。为了解研究区人为干扰对传粉昆虫类群传粉类群及其生态位的影响,本研究选取双翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目3类主要传粉昆虫作为研究对象,在景观类型分类与实际情况的基础上,依据人为干扰指数赋值表和干扰强度计算公式,分析不同干扰强度下传粉昆虫优势种群生态位特征情况,结果表明:各传粉类群在不同的干扰条件下物种多样性不同;作为优势类群的蠓科、胡蜂科,生态位宽度和生态位重叠均均值高于其他几个类群,且中度干扰强度下值最大,但其生态宽度值与生态重叠值之间没有明显的相关关系。

Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on species diversity and niche of dominant group in pollinators community

Species diversity is an index reflecting the complexity and stability of community function. We hypothesize that community structure and species diversity vary with the different densities of human disturbance. The effect of human disturbance on community can be directly reflected by the change of community structure and diversity. To study the status of species diversity and niche of dominant group in pollinators community in different types of anthropogenic disturbance, 24 sampling points were selected in field margin systems in hilly regions of western Henan. Yellow, white and blue traps were deployed, and mixture of approximately 200 mL of water and 1 drops of detergent was poured into the traps to capture pollination. The data were combined with the characteristics of local land use to analyze the effect of different disturbance types on diversity and niche of pollinators. We captured 18576 individuals of 14 order and 147 families, mainly belonged to Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were selected as three kinds of main pollinators to be analyzed. The landscape types and actual observations was used to analyze. The results showed that the species diversity of different families of pollinating insects changed differently with the increasing disturbance intensity. An obvious decrease of the level of species diversity was found in Coleoptera. The niche breadth of Ceratopogonidae and Vespidae as dominant groups were higher than those of other groups, and the niche overlap with other species was higher under intermediate disturbance. No obvious correlation between niche breadth and niche overlap was found.