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晋西黄土区退耕还林22年后林地土壤物理性质的变化
引用本文:张晓霞,杨宗儒,查同刚,张志强,王高敏,朱聿申,吕志远.晋西黄土区退耕还林22年后林地土壤物理性质的变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):416-424.
作者姓名:张晓霞  杨宗儒  查同刚  张志强  王高敏  朱聿申  吕志远
作者单位:北京林业大学水土保持学院, 水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083,山西省吉县林业服务中心, 临汾 042200,北京林业大学水土保持学院, 水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083,北京林业大学水土保持学院, 水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083,北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083,北京林业大学水土保持学院, 水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083,北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083
基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD07B03)
摘    要:退耕还林林地土壤物理性质的变化,是评价退耕还林措施及其生态效益的重要内容之一。选取晋西黄土区退耕22年后形成的3种典型乔木林分,包括自然恢复的辽东栎林、油松刺槐人工混交林和刺槐人工纯林,并以耕地作为对照,通过外业调查和采样分析,从深度和程度两方面研究了退耕还林对土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度等物理性质的影响,结果表明:(1)就土壤容重而言,自然恢复林80 cm以上土层较耕地有显著变化(P0.05),平均降低了28.78%,变化程度最大的在10—20 cm土层;人工林较耕地显著变化发生在60 cm以上土层,混交林和纯林分别降低了10.58%和8.34%,变化程度最大的土层为20—40 cm;(2)3种退耕林地土壤总孔隙度在80 cm以上较耕地发生显著增加(P0.05),增加程度表现为自然恢复林(35.53%)混交林(15.04%)纯林(13.68%),20—40 cm土层变化程度最大;(3)土壤毛管孔隙度自然恢复林、混交林和纯林分别达到耕地的1.36,1.13和1.12倍,自然恢复林和人工林显著变化土层分别为80 cm和60 cm以上,变化程度最大的均为40—60 cm处;(4)土壤有机质和粘粒含量对土壤理化性质影响显著。对于土壤容重、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度的变化,有机质的增加可解释31%以上,而粘粒含量的解释度则达到44%—51%,均为极显著水平(P0.01)。自然恢复林对于土壤物理性质影响程度和影响土层深度都大于人工林。

关 键 词:晋西黄土区  退耕还林  土壤物理性质  土层深度  程度
收稿时间:2015/7/29 0:00:00
修稿时间:2016/5/12 0:00:00

Changes in the physical properties of soil in forestlands after 22 years under the influence of the Conversion of Cropland into Farmland Project in Loess region, Western Shanxi Province
ZHANG Xiaoxi,YANG Zongru,ZHA Tonggang,ZHANG Zhiqiang,WANG Gaomin,ZHU Yushen and L&#; Zhiyuan.Changes in the physical properties of soil in forestlands after 22 years under the influence of the Conversion of Cropland into Farmland Project in Loess region, Western Shanxi Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(2):416-424.
Authors:ZHANG Xiaoxi  YANG Zongru  ZHA Tonggang  ZHANG Zhiqiang  WANG Gaomin  ZHU Yushen and L&#; Zhiyuan
Institution:Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation & Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,Forestry Service Center of Jixian, Linfen 042200, China,Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation & Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation & Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation & Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China and College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Abstract:The physical properties of soil such as soil particle size distribution, bulk density, and porosity are interrelated and have important effects on soil fertility and hydrological processes. Such processes include surface runoff, infiltration, groundwater recharge, and water yield. Excessive soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has resulted in severe degradations of the physical properties of the soil, such as increased bulk density, reduced aggregate stability, and reduced water retention. Soil properties are likely to change when large vegetation restoration efforts, such as the Conversion of Cropland into Farmland Project (CCFC) in China, are implemented. These changes in soil properties can affect vegetation coverage, litter accumulation, root penetration, and soil biological activity. Three typical arbor forests, which were converted from farmland 22 years ago in western Shanxi Province, were selected to study the depth and extent under the influence of the CCFC on the physical properties of the soil. We examined soil density, soil total porosity, and capillary porosity using field sampling and laboratory analysis. These arbor forests included Quercus wutaishanica, a natural recovery forest (NR), Pinus tabulaeformis×Robinia pseudoacacia, an artificial mixed forest (MF), and Robinia pseudoacacia, an artificial pure forest (PF). Cultivated lands (CK) were chosen as the control. Results of the study revealed that:1) compared to the cultivated lands, there were significant changes in soil bulk density above the 80 cm soil layer of the natural recovery forest (P < 0.05). There was an average reduction in soil bulk density of 28.78% and the largest variability was found in the 10-20 cm soil layers. Compared to the control, soil density above the 60 cm layer of the artificial forests, MF and PF, was reduced by 10.58% and 8.34% respectively, and the differences in the 20-40 cm layers were the most significant, 2) the total soil porosity above the 80 cm soil layer in three kinds of farmland increased significantly compared to cultivated land (P < 0.05). The ranking of total soil porosity from highest to lowest was:NR (35.53%) > MF (15.04%) > NR (13.68%), and the largest variability was found in the 20-40 cm layers, 3) the soil capillary porosity of NR, MF, and PF were respectively 1.36, 1.13, and 1.12 times those found in the cultivated land. The most obvious change of the natural recovery forest and artificial forest were found above the 80 cm and 60 cm layers respectively. The most drastic change was found in the 40-60 cm layers in both forests, and 4) the organic soil matter and clay content had significant effects on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The increase of organic soil matter was as high as 31%, and interpretation of the clay content was between 44% and 51% of the change in soil bulk density, total porosity, and capillary porosity (P < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the influence natural recovery forests have upon the physical properties of soil is greater than that of the artificial forests. This is mainly due to thicker litter and humus, superior biological diversity, more frequent microbial activity, and further developed tree roots in the natural recovery forests.
Keywords:loess region of western Shanxi Province  the conversion of cropland into farmland project  soil physical properties  depth  extent
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