基于景观安全格局理论的宜兴市生态用地分类保护

生态用地是区域生态服务功能的主要供给者,对控制区域生态环境起到关键作用,开展生态用地分类与保护,对实现经济与生态协调发展、保障区域生态安全具有重要意义。以江苏省宜兴市为例,基于前人对于生态用地分类与土地利用现状分类衔接研究成果,提取土地利用现状中的生态用地,借助景观安全格局理论方法,通过系统分析水土保持、生物多样性保护、乡土文化遗产保护以及自然景观保护4个与生态用地相关的重要生态过程,运用最小累积阻力模型构建区域综合景观安全格局,并将综合景观安全格局与现状生态用地进行叠加,得到低安全水平、较低安全水平、中等安全水平以及高安全水平4种类型的生态用地,各类型面积分别占研究区生态用地总面积的32.07%、44.38%、22.07%以及1.48%,针对不同等级的不同生态用地类型,提出了划定禁止建设区、防止水体污染、建设高标准基本农田等针对性的保护措施与对策。研究结果为宜兴市的土地利用规划与管理、城市可持续发展等提供决策依据,为其他类似地区生态用地保护规划编制提供参考。

Ecological land classification protection based on the landscape security pattern in Yixing City

Ecological land is a major supplier of ecosystem services, and plays a key role in controlling regional eco-environmental quality. Protection of ecological land significantly promotes the sustainable development of society, the economy, ecology, and regional ecological security. The present research used Yixing city as a case study area, which is located in the southern part of Jiangsu Province. Firstly, following previous research into the relationships between ecological land use classification and current land use classification, the vector data for ecological land were acquired from the current land use vector data for Yixing. Secondly, the landscape security pattern theory and the model of minimum cumulative resistance were used to construct a comprehensive landscape security pattern after systematic analysis of the soil and water conservation, biodiversity protection, vernacular culture protection, and natural landscape protection processes related to ecological land. The overall landscape was then classified into four grades. Finally, the comprehensive landscape security pattern and the current ecological land maps were overlaid. The current ecological land areas were classified into lower, low, middle, and high security pattern levels, and these areas covered 50528.29 hm², 69942.53 hm², 34777.44 hm² and 2335.07 hm², respectively, which accounted for 32.07%, 44.38%, 22.07%, and 1.48% of the total ecological land area, respectively. In the lower security pattern level ecological land, forest land and cultivated land, located in the southern hilly area, were the priority use types. In the low security pattern level ecological land, cultivated land, and water surrounding the city were the priority use types. In the middle security pattern level ecological land, water and cultivated land that was away from the city were the priority use types, and in the high security pattern level ecological land, water that was located far from the west bank of Taihu Lake was the only land use type. This study makes recommendations for improving ecological land based on the condition of the different land use types found in the ecological land areas. Identifying the landscape security pattern levels for ecological land and giving priority to protecting ecological land are the main approaches used to expand ecological land in urban construction areas in regions that are undergoing accelerated urbanization. This study provides scientific guidance that will aid urban sustainable development decision making, and land use planning and management in Yixing. It also provides scientific methods for ecological land planning that could be used in other areas with similar land conditions.