森林土壤酶对环境变化的响应研究进展

全球气候变化已是不争的事实,对陆地生态系统特别是森林生态系统物质循环将产生显著的影响。土壤酶是森林土壤物质循环的主要限制因素之一,对气候变化的响应近年来受到广泛关注。由于森林土壤酶对全球气候变化的响应研究是预测未来环境变化对森林生态系统过程影响的关键,因此,着重综述了森林土壤酶对环境变化尤其是全球变暖和氮沉降响应方面的研究,并分析了未来研究的主要方向。环境变化会引起土壤p H、水分及其营养成分的变化,而这些变化会反作用于土壤酶的活性和稳定性。森林土壤酶对增温的响应,不仅与酶的种类以及增温的温度范围和持续时间有关,还与土壤类型有关,是多种因子综合作用的结果。森林土壤酶对氮添加的响应与林分类型和土层类型有关,受复合氮的影响更大。建议未来的研究应加强酶的基本性质对环境变化的响应研究,注重林分类型、土层类型导致的差异,强化多因素的交互作用,并进行长期、综合的观测。

Advances in research on the responses of forest soil enzymes to environmental change

Global climate change is an indisputable fact and this change has a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems, especially the material cycles of forest ecosystems. Because soil enzymes play a predominant role in soil material cycles, the responses of forest soil enzymes to environmental change have been receiving increasing attention recently. These responses are key for the prediction of the impacts of future climate change on forest ecosystem processes. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest research on the responses of forest soil enzymes to environmental change, especially global warming and nitrogen deposition, and provides some suggestions for future areas of research. Environmental change will lead to changes in soil pH, moisture, and nutrients, but these changes will feed back into the activity and stability of soil enzymes. The responses of forest soil enzymes to warming are comprehensive, not only related to the type of enzyme and the range and duration of the increased temperature but also to soil types. The responses of soil enzymes to nitrogen addition are related to the types of forest and soil, and the effects of compound nitrogen deposition are greater. Future research should strengthen the dynamic response of enzymatic characterization and pay more attention to the different enzymatic responses induced by different forests and soils and to interactions between multiple factors. Additionally, long-term comprehensive observations are necessary.