城市绿色基础设施生态系统服务供给与需求的空间关系——以西安市为例

城市绿色基础设施(Urban Green Infrastructure,UGI)是城市自然景观和生态环境的主要营造者,为居民提供关键的生态系统服务。探讨UGI生态系统服务供给及其需求之间的空间关系,对城市生态建设和绿地系统规划具有重要科学意义。本文运用生态系统服务测算的方法基于人口、GDP以及土地利用数据构建需求测算模型,对西安市建成区UGI的生态系统服务供给与需求的空间格局进行研究,并分析了城市各功能区内UGI生态系统服务供给与需求的空间关系。结果表明:西安市建成区UGI生态系统服务供给总价值为4.23亿元;生态系统服务供给从研究区边缘向中心区逐渐减少,而生态系统服务需求表现出相反的格局,在空间上明显不一致,并且在城市各功能区内差别显著;西安市建成区UGI生态系统服务供给与城市对生态系统服务需求在空间分布上不相匹配。因此为了实现城市的生态环境与经济社会的可持续发展,迫切需要通过合理的UGI建设使生态系统服务供需趋于协调。

Spatial relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services through urban green infrastructure: case of Xi'an City

Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) is a main builder of urban natural landscape and ecological environment by providing the key ecosystem services for residents. Discussing the spatial relationship between supply and demand of UGI ecosystem services is of great scientific significance for urban ecological construction and green space planning. Based on population, GDP, and land use data, this paper explored the spatial pattern between supply and demand of UGI ecosystem services in built-up area of Xi''an, and the spatial relationship between supply and demand of UGI ecosystem services in four urban functional areas were also analyzed. The results showed that the total UGI ecosystem service supply in Xi''an built-up area was 423 million yuan. The supply of ecosystem service gradually decreased from the edge of the study area to the central area, while the demand of ecosystem service showed the opposite change. The supply and demand of UGI ecosystem services in Xi''an had a significant negative spatial correlation, and there were significant differences among different functional areas of the city. The supply of UGI ecosystem services in built-up areas did not match the spatial distribution of urban demand of ecosystem services. It is urgent to coordinate the supply and demand of ecosystem services through rational UGI construction.