沿海快速城市化地区能值生态足迹变化分析

当前我国经济的快速发展和生态环境之间的矛盾日益显著,不利于城市可持续发展。生态足迹目前已成为普遍接受的可持续发展指标,选定生态足迹改进方法——能值生态足迹模型,以城市化地区厦门市为研究区进行计算分析,以期发现快速城市化过程中可能面对的问题。首次计算分析了厦门市1980年至2010年的能值生态足迹动态变化,并对其可持续发展进行了评价。结果表明,30年间厦门市人均生态足迹需求从1980年的8.6 ghm2持续增长至2010年的52.8 ghm2,而供给方面的人均生态承载力却从1980年的181.2 ghm2持续下降为47.5 ghm2,2009、2010年该市由生态盈余转为生态赤字。同时,从生态足迹组分及其比例来看,30年间化石燃料用地和建设用地的生态足迹增长迅速,二者对厦门市人均能值生态足迹变化贡献最大,并且成为2000年后总体足迹中所占比例最大的组分,各自占比超过20%。结果分析显示,厦门市开始面临逐渐加重的生态环境压力,需要开始重视其可持续发展。因此调整厦门市的产业结构和控制城市化发展非常必要。一方面,应该降低第二产业的比例,降低对化石能源的使用,同时促进第三产业的发展和第一产业的现代化,以此为城市提供更多的资源供给并降低资源需求,特别是化石能源的需求。

Analysis of emergy ecological footprint change of coastal rapid urbanization areas

At present, the contradiction between the rapid development of the economy and the ecological environment is becoming more obvious in China and is not conducive to sustainable urban development. An ecological footprint is generally accepted as an indicator of sustainable development. We aimed to find possible problems due to rapid urbanization in Xiamen City by selecting an improved ecological footprint method, the emergy ecological footprint model (EEF). We analyzed the change in the emergy ecological footprint from 1980 to 2010 and evaluated sustainable development. Over 30 years in Xiamen City, the per capita EEF demand increased from 8.6 ghm² in 1980 to 52.8 ghm² in 2010, while the per capita emergy bio-capacity decreased from 181.2 ghm² in 1980 to 47.5 ghm² in 2010. In 2009 and 2010, Xiamen''s ecological reserve changed to an ecological deficit. At the same time, the ecological footprint of fossil fuels and the construction on land rapidly increased over 30 years. These two make the greatest contribution to the ecological footprint per capita in Xiamen City, which had the largest proportion after year 2000, and each of them accounted for more than 20%. The analysis showed that Xiamen city is increasing the pressure on the ecological environment, and it is important to focus on sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust industrial structures and control urbanization in Xiamen. It is important to reduce the proportion of fossil fuels consumed by secondary industries, as well as to ensure the supply of resources and reduce the demand and consumption of resources, especially the demand for fossil energy. Xiamen should promote the development of tertiary industries and the modernization of primary industries.