基于生态位模型的艾比湖鹅喉羚生境评价

明确物种生境空间分布格局及其与环境因素的关系,对了解该物种的生境需求和适宜生境空间分布至关重要。生境评价和预测是对物种进行有效保护的基础。以鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa)为研究对象,以其重要栖息地新疆博州艾比湖国家级湿地自然保护区为研究区域,选取115个鹅喉羚分布点数据和23个环境变量因子,应用MAXENT模型分析其生境空间分布及主要影响因子,划分了鹅喉羚在研究区域的适宜生境,并对它的栖息地特征进行了分析。探讨了鹅猴羚生境选择与环境因子的关系。结果表明:气温日较差是影响鹅喉羚生境分布的主要环境因子。植被类型,坡度和最干月降水量对艾比湖鹅喉羚的生境选择影响不大。除了温度和降水在内的19项生物气候变量是鹅猴羚选择生境的重要因素之外,海拔和坡向等地形特征也影响鹅猴羚的生境选择性。鹅喉羚的高度适宜生境区主要分布在研究区域的北部和东部,中度及低度适宜生境区则分布于高度适宜生境区的边缘,而非适宜生境区主要集中在西部地区。研究不仅提供了鹅喉羚在艾比湖的实际分布状况及其栖息地特征,也为鹅喉羚在栖息地方面的研究,即鹅猴羚的栖息地选择和环境因子的关系方面提供了一个重要的依据。

Assessment of habitat suitability for Gazella subgutturosa in the Ebinur Reserve

Understanding the spatial distribution of a species'' habitat and its relationship with environmental factors is crucial to determine the distribution of suitable habitat of a target species and its habitat requirements. Such habitat assessment and prediction form the basis for effective species protection. The maximum entropy (MAXENT) model can be used to predict the possible distribution range of a species in a target region according to data of geographic distribution and environmental factors. The Ebinur Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve in Xinjiang is the main habitat for Gazella subgutturosa. In order to clarify the spatial distribution of G. subgutturosa in this area and analyze its habitat features, a predictive habitat distribution map of this species was estimated using the MAXENT model with a total of 115 recorded points of known G. subgutturosa occurrence and 23 environmental factors; the environmental factors and habitat selection of G. subgutturosa were then analyzed. The results showed that the mean diurnal range is the main environmental factor influencing the distribution of G. subgutturosa, followed by maximum temperature of the warmest month, temperature seasonality, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest month, and annual mean temperature. Vegetation type, slope, and precipitation of the driest month had little effect on habitat distribution. The model constructed by MAXENT was highly reliable, as evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. In addition to 19 bioclimatic variables (including temperature and precipitation), topographical features such as elevation and aspect also appear to affect the habitat selection of G. subgutturosa. The most suitable habitat for G. subgutturosa was mainly distributed in the northern and eastern parts of the study area, and habitats with moderate and low suitability were in the marginal areas of the most suitable habitats. On the other hand, the western part of the study area was determined to be an unsuitable habitat for G. subgutturosa. This study not only provides information on the actual distribution of G. subgutturosa habitat in the Ebinur Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve, but also provides important clues for future research about this species and its habitat.