山区茶园“生产-生态-生活”耦合及其技术对策

通过下乡调研,总结并分析福建省山区茶园成功的经验与面临的挑战;主要针对山地茶园存在水土流失与茶园经营单一及生产质量有待提高等突出问题,结合红壤山地生态复合茶园的研究成果,提出了新时期发展山区"生产-生态-生活"耦合茶园(简称"三生")的总体思路,阐述了"三生"耦合茶园的理论内涵,其是按照生态经济学的原理,通过茶园系统内部各结构要素的优化组合,促进其在时序有效链接、空间合理布局和生产生态匹配中产生正向联系和优势叠加作用,实现山区茶园生产、生态、生活功能的影响挖掘与充分利用,形成山区茶园整体性的耗散结构与有序性耦合链接的特定农业开发系统。从科学开垦与水肥调控工程、水土保持与立体种养工程、生态恢复与地力保育工程、水分涵养与茶园景观工程、绿化环节与茶旅结合工程、多样发展与康悦养生工程等6个方面总结提出了"三生"耦合茶园模式构建要素与技术实施要点。通过定位试验的能值分析表明,"三生"茶园能值自给率比常规茶园提高36.31%,可持续发展指数是传统茶园的2.68倍,说明在生产效率和和可持续发展方面"三生"茶园模式均优于常规茶园。结合福建茶业绿色振兴实际,提出了发展"三生"耦合茶园的技术与管理对策,以期为茶业企业与家庭农场在绿色发展过程提供参考及其借鉴。

Research on the construction and technical measures of the coupling of production-ecology-life at Mountain Tea Garden

This paper summarises the successful implementation of a production-ecology-life strategy and the related challenges for the case study of mountain tea garden in Fujian province. Thanks to our experience in researching and constructing ecological tea gardens in hilly red soil, the concept of "production-ecology-life" coupling in tea gardens was devised and implemented, and the theoretical basis of the "Sansheng" coupled tea garden was elaborated. The "Sansheng" concept entails specific agricultural development systems, which are constructed according to the principle of ecological economics and can bring multiple benefits to the production, ecology and life functions of mountain tea gardens. These benefits are achieved through an optimal combination of various elements in the system and ordered links in time and space. The construction elements and the technical implementation points of the "Sansheng" coupled tea garden were proposed in terms of scientific soil reclamation, water and fertilizer regulation, soil and water conservation, dimensional interplanting/breeding, ecological restoration and tea garden landscape conservation, combination of green environment and tea plantation tourism, diversified development and health leisure. The results of energy analysis from the case study showed that the self-support rate of the "Sansheng" tea garden is 36.31% higher than that of a traditional tea garden, and its sustainability index is 2.68 times that of a traditional tea garden. This altogether indicates that the "Sansheng" tea garden mode performs better than a conventional tea garden in terms of production efficiency and sustainable development. Finally, in the light of the state of development of green tea cultivation in Fujian province, the paper presents technical and management measures for developing "Sansheng" coupled tea gardens, in order to provide references for tea companies and farms and aid them in the green development process.