海洋微塑料污染的生态效应研究进展

海洋微塑料污染已成为全球性环境问题。微塑料粒径小,易与海洋生物发生相互作用,可通过多种途径进入海洋生物体内,并在其组织和器官中蓄积和转移,对机体产生毒害。微塑料可沿食物链进行传递,威胁海洋生态系统的健康与稳定。因此,海洋生物与微塑料的相互作用以及海洋微塑料污染的生态效应成为当前研究的热点。综述微塑料的生物附着、生物摄入、对海洋生物的毒性效应及其与化学污染物的复合毒性效应研究的基础上,提出未来微塑料生态效应研究应重点关注我国海洋环境中微塑料的污染现状及生物摄入状况、微塑料的生物效应及其毒理学机制研究、微塑料与其他污染物的复合效应、以及微塑料在海洋生态系统中的作用及其生物地球化学行为等。

Research advances on the ecological effects of microplastic pollution in the marine environment

Microplastic contamination of the marine environment has become a global environmental problem. Because of their small dimensions, microplastics can easily interact with a wide range of marine organisms, enter their bodies in various ways, and accumulate in and transfer between their tissues and organs, which results in toxic effects. Absorption and ingestion of microplastics, primary by lower trophic-level organisms, can be transferred along the marine food chain, threatening marine ecosystem health and stability. For this reason, the interaction between marine organisms and microplastics, and the ecological effects of marine microplastic pollution have become hotspots for current studies. Based on the review of biofouling of marine organisms on the microplastic surface, ingestion of microplastics, toxic effects of microplastics on marine organisms, and the combined toxic effects of microplastics with other chemical contaminants, this study proposed that future research on the ecological effects of microplastic pollution should focus on marine organism ingestion of microplastics in the marine environment of China, biological effects and toxicological mechanisms of microplastics on organisms, combined effects of microplastics with other contaminants, and the functions of microplastics in the marine ecological system and their biogeochemical behaviors.