特大型露天煤矿区生态系统演变及其生态储存估算

露天煤矿区生态系统在人为干扰下具有特殊的演变过程。从土地利用变化的角度描述矿区生态系统演变及生态水平变化,旨在为特大型露天煤矿区生态系统研究提供科学依据。以山西省朔州市平朔大型露天煤矿区为研究对象,以1986年、2000年、2013年的遥感影像为主要数据源,在分析研究区近30年土地利用特征的基础上,探讨矿区生态系统的演变过程;同时利用生态储存模型定量分析矿区生态系统在研究时段内所处的水平。结果表明:(1)1986—2013年耕地和林地大幅减少,城镇建设用地和采矿造成的损毁土地面积迅速增加;(2)矿区生态系统各子系统用地之间的转化均较为活跃,城镇扩张、采矿活动加剧、损毁土地复垦是造成这一现象的主要原因;(3)平朔矿区生态系统演变可划分为原地貌阶段、损毁阶段、重建阶段;(4)研究区生态储存状态呈恶化趋势,生态储存转化表现为逆向过程,生态储存能力增强。研究结果可为中国特大型露天煤矿区生态系统研究提供科学依据。

Ecosystem evolution and ecological storage in outsize open-pit mining area

Open-pit mining area is an area greatly disturbed by human activities. Landscape change in this area, caused by large-scale exploitation of mineral resources, leads to differences in ecosystem evolution between mining area and the natural environment. The ecosystem in a mining area plays a significant role in the human society. Its healthy development contributes significantly to the sustainable economic development of the whole society. In order to better understand the ecosystem in a mining area and provide scientific basis for its management, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate evolution process. This paper analyzes the process of ecosystem evolution and calculates the ecological storage in the Pingshuo outsized open-it coalmine in Shanxi Province, China. The ecological storage model, which is based on the theory of ecosystem service value, comprises state evaluation, process evaluation and capability evaluation, and describes the ecological condition of study area with respect to the static state, changes and conversion direction. The land use information studied herein was extracted from remote sensing images made in 1986, 2000 and 2013. The results indicate the following: 1) The area of arable land and forestland decreases sharply, while urban and rural construction land and destruction land increase dramatically. 2) The evolutionnary process of ecosystem in the Pingshuo mining area can be divided into three stages: the origin stage, the destruction stage, and the reconstruction stage. The characteristics of land use in each stage are different as the diversity of landscape increases 3) The ecosystem types of the Pingshuo mining area include farmland, forest, grassland, urban, and industrial ecosystem. The conversions among these ecosystem types in the periods 1986-2000 and 2000-2013, caused by urban expansion, severe mining activities and land reclamation were very active; 4) The ecological storage state shows a trend of deterioration, the ecological storage process presents a reverse process, and the ecological storage capacity influenced by land reclamation and eco-engineering tends to be higher. In addition, of the image of the ecosystem evolution cycle has been mapped according to the development of mining industry. The image indicates that: the evolution of an ecosystem in open-pit mining area reflects the change in land use; the results of the ecological storage model are in relative accordance with the current conditions at the mining site; and timely and effective land reclamation and other eco-engineering practices can improve the ecological condition of a mining area. This paper presents the first systematic analysis of the evolutionary process of the ecosystem in the Pingshuo mining area relative to the change in land use, and employs for the first time the ecological storage model on the open-pit mine to evaluate the ecological condition of an outsized open-pit coalmine. The findings of this paper provide references for land reclamation and ecological restoration of outsize open-pit mining areas in China.