人工湿地氮去除关键功能微生物生态学研究进展

人工湿地是一种能有效处理水体氮素污染的生态技术,其中微生物是驱动人工湿地系统中氮素去除的重要引擎。近20年来,随着分子生物学技术的广泛应用,有关人工湿地氮去除功能微生物生态学方面研究取得了一些重要进展。以硝化-反硝化作用和厌氧氨氧化作用这两种重要的人工湿地微生物脱氮途径为主,针对氨氧化细菌/古菌、厌氧氨氧化菌和反硝化菌等关键脱氮功能微生物的研究,重点归纳总结了目前有关这几类关键功能菌群在人工湿地中的丰度、活性、多样性、分布特征与影响因素,及其对废水中氮去除的作用,并在此基础上对今后的重点研究工作提出了展望。面向未来人工湿地氮去除关键功能微生物的研究应侧重其在污水净化和温室气体减排等方面的生态功能研究,同时加强其代谢过程与机制以及不同功能菌群间的关联研究。

Research advances in microbial ecology for N-removal in constructed wetlands

A constructed wetland (CW) is an effective technology for the treatment of nitrogen (N) pollution in water bodies, with microorganisms being important engines driving N-removal. Over the past two decades, with the development of culture-independent molecular techniques, break-through progress has occurred in microbial ecology for N-removal in CWs. Nitrification-denitrification and anammox processes have been recognized as the two main microbial pathways for N-removal in CWs. In the present study, we reviewed the available literature regarding research progress in N-removal communities including archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers, anammox bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria in CWs. Case studies on bacterial abundance, activities, diversity, distribution, influence factors, and contribution to N-removal are summarized, and future perspectives for this research field are presented. Future microbial ecology studies of N-removal in CWs should focus on the role of microorganisms in purification of sewage and emission reduction in greenhouse gases, and improve research on their N-metabolic processes, mechanisms, and interactions.