区域水安全格局构建:研究进展及概念框架

随着全球变化背景下生态安全问题的日益严峻,生态安全格局研究成为宏观生态学关注的热点领域;水作为重要的自然生态要素,其安全格局的构建也是区域生态安全格局优化的重要组成部分,但目前其基本内涵、构建理论与方法、指标体系等尚未受到足够重视,缺乏系统梳理。在对比分析资源、环境与灾害等多学科视角下水安全概念异同的基础上,明晰了区域水安全格局的概念内涵,将其定义为保障区域水安全目标的土地利用空间格局;系统探讨了水安全格局构建历程与方法研究进展,指出水安全研究正由定量评价向空间管控转型,水环境安全格局构建严重滞后,缺乏水安全格局与自然生态过程、社会经济过程的耦合关联分析;最后,基于景观生态学格局-过程互馈理论和地理学区域综合视角,以GIS空间分析、In VEST模型等为技术支撑,构建了水资源安全、水环境安全和水灾害规避安全3个单一维度的水安全格局,并提出基于空间多准则分析模型的区域综合水安全格局构建概念框架,以期有效提升中国城市化进程的水安全格局保障。

Progress and conceptual framework of regional water security pattern construction

With the background of global change, ecological security has become an increasingly prominent issue and has been an important constraint to economic development and social stability. As serious problems in ecological security have increased, ecological security pattern is receiving widespread attention, particularly in the field of macroscopic ecology. Water security pattern is an important part of the ecological security pattern, and a complete understanding of the pattern would be useful in policymaking. It would also help in solving the problem of water security by providing spatial identification and protection. However, previous researches have not provided a clear definition of water security pattern, and this may be partly because of insufficient focus on it. Therefore, its theoretical basis, methodology, and assessment indicators are important factors that need to be explored further. A new approach is necessary to carry out an in-depth study that will be helpful for further enhancing the process of urbanization and protecting natural ecosystems in China. In this study, the similarities and differences between water security and related concepts such as water resource security, water environmental security, flood evasion security, and water ecological security were compared and analyzed. The results were then integrated with water security data from a multi-disciplinary perspective. Based on the comprehensive view, a fundamental concept of regional water security pattern was also defined. From a narrow point of view, it can be defined as the key landscape elements aiming to protect regional water security. From multidisciplinary and wide points of view, water security pattern construction can be defined as the regional landscape pattern optimization and optimal allocation of land resources. Regional water security pattern is concerned with ensuring a stable supply of regional water resources and maintaining the quality of the water environment, and at the same time, with avoiding disasters related to water to the greatest extent. The latest progress in development procedure and research methodology of water security pattern construction was systematically sorted, and the results indicated that the trend of research was changing from quantitative evaluation to spatial analysis. The focus on construction of water environmental security pattern was insufficient in previous studies. Moreover, there was an urgent requirement for analyzing relationships between water security pattern and social-economic-nature ecosystems. Therefore, supported by a spatial analysis and the InVEST model, a three-dimensional water security pattern, which included water resources security, water environmental security, and flood evasion security, was proposed. An integrated framework for regional water security pattern construction was also introduced on the basis of the three single dimensional water security patterns obtained from the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model. This new approach would be a great help to guarantee and promote China''s water security in the process of urbanization.