艾比湖湿地自然保护区鹅喉羚生境适宜性评价

鹅喉羚是易危物种之一,利用现代空间分析技术快速准确评价其生境质量具有方法学意义和动物保护实际价值。以新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区为评价区,通过全年不同季节多点野外调查,结合GIS空间分析技术,对鹅喉羚的生境影响因素进行分析并进行了适宜性评价。主要结果与结论如下:1)构建了适宜于研究区的基于植被类型和水源地为主要评价因子的鹅喉羚生境适宜性评价指标;2)通过空间数据统计分析认为水源和植被是影响保护区鹅喉羚生境质量的重要因素,距水源地2000 m以内的胡杨、梭梭、柽柳群落最适合鹅喉羚的生存,距水源2000—5500 m的区域为水源的中度适合区域,距水源5500 m以外植被稀少的地区不适宜鹅喉羚的生存;3)研究区域鹅喉羚生境面积春季为2339 km2,夏季为2880 km2,秋季为2728 km2,冬季为2862 km2,分别占研究区域总面积的61.5%、75.6%、71.7%和75.2%;4)目前在保护区内活动的人群主要为保护区的管理人员,人类活动地区与鹅喉羚生存环境空间上具有重叠性,但人类活动强度尚没有显著影响到鹅喉羚的生存,保护区的存在为鹅喉羚的生存起到了重要保护作用;5)由于保护区上中游人类的生产与开发,保护区水资源不断减少,主要表现为地表水减少,地下水位下降,这可能成为影响鹅喉羚生境质量的主要因素。今后需要优化保护区内水资源的配置,尽量减少人类活动对鹅喉羚的干扰,以有利于鹅喉羚的生存繁衍。

Habitat suitability assessment for Gazellasubgutturosa in Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve

Gazellasubgutturosa is classified as a vulnerable species in China. Assessment of the quality of critical habitat for G. subgutturosa is therefore of great importance. Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve (ELWNR) was selected as the target area for current assessment. Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique,based on the data obtained from field surveys ofG. subgutturosa in different seasons throughout the year, the factors ofG. subgutturosa habitat were analyzed and habitat suitability was assessed. The main results and conclusions were summarized as follows. A criterion for the assessment of G. subgutturosa habitat suitability was established based on waterhead and vegetation factors, and was used to assess the suitability of the ELWNR for G. subgutturosa habitat. Spatial statistical analysissuggested that the waterhead and vegetation were two important factors affecting the quality of G. subgutturosa habitat. The region within 2000 m of the waterhead with better Populuseuphratica,Tamarixchinensis,and Haloxylonammodendron community was most suitable for the survival of G. subgutturosa, whereas the region at a distance of 2000-5500m from the waterhead was moderately suitable forG. subgutturosa. The regionbeyond 5500 m fromthe waterhead, which was characterized by sparse vegetation, wasnot suitable forG. subgutturosa. The suitable area for G. subgutturosa habitat in the ELWNR was 2339 km² in spring, which accounted for 61.5% of the total area assessed. The suitable habitat area in summer, autumn, and winter was 2880, 2728, and 2862 km², and accounted for 75.6%, 71.7%, and 75.2% of the total area assessed, respectively. Humans in the ELWNR are mainly reserve managers.Even though the regions occupied by humans and G. subgutturosaoverlap to certain degree, human activities do not significantly affectthe survival of G. subgutturosa. The existence of the reserve did contribute to the survival of G. subgutturosa. Owing to human production and development upstream of the ELWNR, water resources have gradually decreased-both the volume of surface waterand the level of underground water have decreased-which might became a main factor affecting the quality of critical habitat for G. subgutturosa. To improve the quality of the critical habitat for G. subgutturosa, both optimized water resources and less human interferences in the ELWNR are needed in future.