增加降水对干旱河谷区云南松人工林土壤呼吸的影响

2013年5月至2014年6月,对干旱河谷区云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)人工林进行增加降水试验,试验设置对照(CK,0 mm m~(-2)a~(-1))、增水10%(A1,80 mm m~(-2)a~(-1))、增水20%(A2,160 mm m~(-2)a~(-1))和增水30%(A3,240 mm m~(-2)a~(-1))4个处理水平。采用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定每月土壤呼吸速率。结果表明,4个处理云南松人工林土壤呼吸速率均呈明显的季节变化,7月最高,2月最低。与CK相比,A1年均土壤呼吸速率无显著性差异(P0.05),A2显著增加了12.88%(P0.05),而A3明显减少了17.71%(P0.05)。3个增水处理均提高了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性,减弱了土壤呼吸与土壤湿度的关系。与土壤温度相比,土壤湿度对土壤呼吸的影响相对较小。增水增加了湿季土壤微生物碳、氮含量,干季对微生物碳含量无影响,但明显降低了微生物氮含量。这说明,降水增加对干旱河谷区云南松人工林土壤呼吸的影响是不尽相同的,适当的增水会促进土壤呼吸,而过量的增水会抑制土壤呼吸。

Effects of precipitation increase on soil respiration of a Pinus yunnanensis plantation in a dry river valley area

The objective was to examine the effects of global climate change inducing precipitation pattern change on soil respiration (Rs) of Pinus yunnanensis plantation in dry river valley area of China(Shimian, Yaan, Sichuan). Based on average annual precipitation, Four treatments were set, ie, CK(natural state,0 mm m^-2 a^-1), A1(increasing precipitation 10%, 80 mm m^-2 a^-1), A2(increasing precipitation 20%, 160 mm m^-2 a^-1) and A3(increasing precipitation 30%, 240 mm m^-2 a^-1). Soil respiration rate was measured using LI-8100 monthly from Jun, 2013 to May, 2014. Results indicate that soil respiration rate exhibited obvious seasonal variation in Pinus yunnanensis plantation, with the maximum in July and the minimum in February. Precipitation increase treatment significantly increased Rs in A2 (by 12.88%), significantly decreased Rs in A3 (by 17.71%), and did not significantly affect Rs in A1. Soil respiration Q₁₀ value calculated from soil temperature was increased under precipitation increase treatments. The relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture was weakened. Compared with soil temperature, soil moisture had less effect on the soil respiration. In wet season, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were increased significantly by increasing precipitation. In dry season, only MBN decreased significantly under precipitation treatments. Therefore, there was a significant effect of different increasing precipitation on soil respiration in a Pinus yunnanensis plantation in the dry river valley area. Moderate increasing rainfall would promote soil respiration, while superfluous increasing rainfall would inhibit soil respiration.