海洋生态系统服务价值评估研究综述

海洋生态系统服务是通过海洋生态系统的功能结构和生态过程,以物品和服务等方式直接或间接地给人类提供的效益。海洋生态系统服务价值衡量了海洋生态系统对人类经济社会的贡献度,加快海洋强国建设,急需加强海洋生态系统服务价值评价。通过对市场价值法、替代市场法和假想市场法三大类海洋生态系统服务价值评估方法进行比较分析后可知,各类方法各有利弊,但是,存在不同方法耦合和方法优化选择的空间。通过海岸带、近海、远洋等典型海洋生态系统服务价值评估的研究案例展现了海洋生态系统服务价值评估在海洋资源开发与保护的政策选择、海洋生态补偿与环境损害赔偿的价格决定中的重要作用。海洋生态系统服务价值评估研究前景广阔,在内涵认知深入化、评估方法科学化、评估指标体系化、结果应用广泛化等方面仍有进一步拓展空间。

Review of the evaluation of marine ecosystem services value

Marine ecosystems provide benefits to human beings directly and indirectly, through the goods and services provided by their functional structures and ecological processes. Value for marine ecosystem services measure the contribution of marine ecosystems to human society and economies. To help protect the ocean and obtain benefits from it, evaluation methods of marine ecosystem services need to be improved. We compared the three main marine ecosystem service valuation methods:market value method, surrogate market method, and simulated market method, and found that each method has pros and cons. However, the possibility exists to combine and optimize the different methods. Typical marine ecosystem valuation case studies, such as those conducted in coastal sites, offshore sites, and ocean sites, reveal the crucial role of this research in policy choices for ocean resource development and protection, and price determination for marine ecosystem compensation and environmental damage penalties. In future studies, the connotation cognition and value of marine ecosystem services need to be analyzed more deeply; the evaluation methods for marine ecosystem service value need to be more dynamic, scientific, and predictive; the evaluation criteria for marine ecosystem service value should be constantly systematized and data collected; and the results of marine ecosystem services evaluations should be more closely tied to decision making and planning in marine-based economies.