石羊河流域生态系统服务权衡与协同关系研究

生态系统服务权衡与协同研究是国际生态学、地理学等学科研究的热点。以石羊河流域为研究区,借助In VEST模型,对流域2005、2010和2015年的水源涵养、土壤保持、水质净化、碳储存和生物多样性五项服务进行精准测度,分析服务的时空格局及演变特征,并利用相关系数法逐像元定量计算5种服务之间的权衡与协同关系,从不同尺度分析权衡与协同关系的空间格局特征。结果表明:(1)各项服务具有空间异质性:水源涵养、土壤保持、碳储存、生物多样性呈"西南高-东北低"的空间格局,且水质净化、碳储存服务的高值区沿河流分布。(2) 10年期间,水源涵养、水质净化、碳储存、生物多样性服务呈现"整体增加-局部减少"的变化趋势,而土壤保持呈"整体减少-局部增加"的变化特征。(3)多种服务之间权衡与协同关系具有区域依赖特征:水源涵养与土壤保持、水源涵养与水质净化、水质净化与碳储存、水质净化与生物多样性、土壤保持与碳储存、土壤保持与生物多样性以权衡关系为主;水源涵养与碳储存、水源涵养与生物多样性、土壤保持与水质净化、碳储存与生物多样性以协同关系为主。定量可视化评估生态系统服务及权衡关系,为制定区域发展与生态保护双赢政策提供依据,同时也为其他流域的相关研究提供可靠参考。

Analysison trade-offs and synergistic relationships among multiple ecosystem services in the Shiyang River Basin

The research on the interactions among multiple ecosystem services is a hot topic in the field of international ecology and geography. The Shiyang River Basin, a typical representative of an arid inland river basin, was used as an example. Several models based on InVEST were used to estimate the value of five key ecosystem services from 2005 to 2015, including water conservation, soil conservation, nutrient retention, carbon storage, and biodiversity. Spatial-temporal differentiation of ecosystem services were also analyzed. In addition, we quantitatively assessed the spatial patterns of interactions among different ecosystem services by applying the partial correlation analysis at a pixel scale. The results were as follows:(1) These ecosystem services presented spatially differential characteristics; the spatial pattern of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon storage, and biodiversity presented the characteristic of having a "low-value zone located at the northeast, whereas there was a high-value zone distributed mostly in the southwest," and the high-value zone for nutrient retention and carbon storage was along the river. (2) From 2005 to 2015, variation characteristics of water conservation, nutrient retention, carbon storage, and biodiversity had an increasing tendency, whereas soil conservation had a decreasing tendency. (3) The five pairwise ecosystem services presented different interactions. The interactions between water conservation and soil conservation, water conservation and nutrient retention, nutrient retention and carbon storage, nutrient retention and biodiversity, soil conservation and carbon storage, and soil conservation and biodiversity presented trade-offs. On the contrary, the interaction between water conservation and carbon storage, water conservation and biodiversity, soil conservation and nutrient retention, and carbon storage and biodiversity were prone to synergistic relationships. Spatially explicit and quantitative assessment of ecosystem service interactions has implications for the planning and management of natural capital and ecosystem services and provides a scientific basis for sustainable development in the Shiyang River Basin. This analysis framework also provides a significant reference with which other river basins can conduct spatial evaluation of ecosystem services.