人类活动对生态系统服务流的影响

生态系统服务流对生态系统服务地形成、输送、转化和维持具有重要作用,搭建起了生态系统服务供给与人类需求之间的桥梁,成为近期学者关注的焦点之一。随着人口数量的急剧增加和经济社会的快速发展,人类的物质需求呈非线性方式增长。人类在利用生态系统服务流带来惠益的同时,也给生态系统服务流带来压力。综述了生态系统服务流的内涵和属性特征,包括生态系统服务流的定义、分类、时空尺度、载体特征和量化属性等。分析了人类活动对生态系统服务流的影响机制,即积极的与消极的人类活动通过对生态系统服务流的空间单元、传递载体和量化属性等方面的影响进而影响到具体的生态系统服务流并最终影响人类福祉。探讨了通过生态系统服务流价值和风险评估、生态系统服务流保护规划、生态系统服务流恢复与重建等积极的人类活动,来实现生态系统服务流传输功能的可持续。未来可以通过对生态系统服务流路径载体衰减效应研究、多尺度分析处理系统的使用和生态系统服务流传输网络动态耦合模型的构建等来制定合理的生态系统服务流集成管理。通过对人类活动与生态系统服务流相互关系的研究,有利于对退化的生态系统服务流进行保护和恢复,也可为生态系统服务流相关研究奠定基础。

The impact of human activities on ecosystem services flow

Ecosystem service flow, which has been concerned by researchers recently, is significant in the process of the generation, delivery, transformation and maintenance of ecosystem services, and can be seen as a linkage between the provision of ecosystem services and human demands. Material demands of humans show a non-linear increase under the situation of sharp growth of population and the rapid development of economy and society. So at the time when humans enjoy the benefit that is brought by ecosystem service flow, they also give pressure on the flow. In this article, we reviewed the connotation and attributes of ecosystem service flow that include its definition, classification, spatial-temporal scales, carrier characteristics and quantitative attributes. We also analyzed the influencing mechanism of human activities to ecosystem service flow, such as, positive and negative activities can affect the spatial units, delivery carriers and quantitative attributes of ecosystem service flow, thus impacting the specific flow and finally, human well-being. In addition, we discussed the contributions of positive activities (i.e. valuation and risk assessment of ecosystem service flow, conservation planning of ecosystem service flow, recovery and restoration of ecosystem service flow) to the sustainable delivering function of ecosystem service flow. Therefore, appropriate integrating management of ecosystem service flow can be established by investigating attenuation of path carriers, or using the processing system of multi-scale analysis and the dynamic coupling model of ecosystem service flow transmitting networks. Research on the interacting relationship between human activities and ecosystem service flow can provide efficient conservation and restoration to the degraded ecosystem service flow, and will also establish a solid foundation for future research.